Long-term effectiveness of intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks in pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Purpose: To investigate the long-term effectiveness of intravitreal bevacizumab for treating active choroidal neovascularizations in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Methods: Fourteen patients (16 eyes) received intravitreal bevacizumab (1.5 mg) and were investigated monthly. Further treatments were administered depending on disease activity. Examinations included best-corrected visual acuity, biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and digital fundus photography. Areas of atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and retinal fibrosis were quantified using semiautomated detection on fundus autofluorescence images. Results: Mean age of the cohort was 55 ± 13 years, and mean best-corrected visual acuity at baseline was 20/80 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, 0.56, SD, 0.51). At last follow-up, after an average of 6.5 ± 5.7 injections over 28 months, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, 0.31, SD, 0.32; P = 0.04). Central retinal thickness was reduced from 254 ± 45 μm to 214 ± 40 μm (P = 0.035). The size of retinal pigment epithelial atrophy and retinal fibrosis measured on fundus autofluorescence images increased in both the treated eye and the fellow eye (P < 0.05). Best-corrected visual acuity of patients with early disease compared with that of those with advanced disease improved significantly more over the treatment course (20/25 vs. 20/63; P = 0.008). Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab therapy demonstrates long-term effectiveness by preserving function in advanced disease and improving function in early disease. Best results of treating active choroidal neovascularizations in PXE are achieved when treatment starts the earliest possible.