TY - JOUR
T1 - Long bone structural proportions and locomotor behavior in Cercopithecidae
AU - Ruff, Christopher B.
AU - Harper, Christine M.
AU - Goldstein, Deanna M.
AU - Daegling, David J.
AU - McGraw, W. Scott
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the assistants of the Taï Monkey Project, including the project liaison, Dr. Anderson Bitty. For logistical support during all phases of the Taï field project we thank the Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifique and its director, Dr. Bassirou Bonfoh. For permission to work in the Ivory Coast's Taï Forest we thank the Ministere de l'Enseignment Superieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, Direction Generale de la Recherche Scientifique et de l'Innovation Technologie, and the Ministere de l'Environment,des Eaux et Forets, Office Ivorien de Parcs et Reserves. The Taï Forest research was supported by National Science Foundation BCS 0840110, 0921770, 0922429, 1440278, 1440532 and the Yerkes National Primate Research Center. Structural data for other taxa included in this study were collected with the past support of National Science Foundation SBR-8919155 and Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research 5055. We would also like to thank Noah Dunham for his help in the articular surface area methodological comparisons, and the reviewers and Associate Editor for their useful comments on an earlier version of this paper.
Funding Information:
We thank the assistants of the Taï Monkey Project, including the project liaison, Dr. Anderson Bitty. For logistical support during all phases of the Taï field project we thank the Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifique and its director, Dr. Bassirou Bonfoh. For permission to work in the Ivory Coast's Taï Forest we thank the Ministere de l’Enseignment Superieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, Direction Generale de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation Technologie, and the Ministere de l’Environment,des Eaux et Forets, Office Ivorien de Parcs et Reserves. The Taï Forest research was supported by National Science Foundation BCS 0840110 , 0921770 , 0922429 , 1440278 , 1440532 and the Yerkes National Primate Research Center . Structural data for other taxa included in this study were collected with the past support of National Science Foundation SBR - 8919155 and Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research 5055 . We would also like to thank Noah Dunham for his help in the articular surface area methodological comparisons, and the reviewers and Associate Editor for their useful comments on an earlier version of this paper.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/7
Y1 - 2019/7
N2 - Limb bone articular and diaphyseal proportions have been shown to relate to locomotor behavior in broad comparisons across catarrhines, but comparisons among phylogenetically and functionally more closely related species may be particularly useful in investigating form-function relationships that can be applied to fossil taxa. Here we compare inter- and intra-limb proportions of diaphyseal strength and articular surface area and breadth of the femur and humerus with frequencies of leaping and vertical climbing behavior in 13 cercopithecid species. Leaping frequency is highly positively correlated with femoral/humeral diaphyseal strength, moderately positively correlated with femoral/humeral articular breadth, and less highly correlated with femoral/humeral articular surface area. These results are consistent with predicted higher bending loads as well as joint reaction forces on the femora of leapers. Surface areas may show a weaker association because they also directly impact joint excursion and are thus more influenced by other aspects of locomotion, including climbing. Climbing frequency is positively correlated with humeral head articular surface area/diaphyseal strength, but weakly negatively correlated with femoral head articular surface area/diaphyseal strength. These combined trends lead to a strong negative association between climbing and femoral/humeral head surface area. Femoral/humeral diaphyseal strength and distal articular breadth are not correlated with climbing frequency. The climbing results are consistent with greater shoulder mobility in more frequent vertical climbers. The lack of such a relationship in the femur among these taxa contrasts with earlier findings for catarrhines more generally, including hominoids, and may be a result of different climbing kinematics in cercopithecoids involving less hip abduction than in hominoids. Different use of the forelimb during climbing in cercopithecoids and hominoids may also explain the lack of association between femoral/humeral diaphyseal strength and climbing in the present study, in contrast to comparisons across catarrhines more generally.
AB - Limb bone articular and diaphyseal proportions have been shown to relate to locomotor behavior in broad comparisons across catarrhines, but comparisons among phylogenetically and functionally more closely related species may be particularly useful in investigating form-function relationships that can be applied to fossil taxa. Here we compare inter- and intra-limb proportions of diaphyseal strength and articular surface area and breadth of the femur and humerus with frequencies of leaping and vertical climbing behavior in 13 cercopithecid species. Leaping frequency is highly positively correlated with femoral/humeral diaphyseal strength, moderately positively correlated with femoral/humeral articular breadth, and less highly correlated with femoral/humeral articular surface area. These results are consistent with predicted higher bending loads as well as joint reaction forces on the femora of leapers. Surface areas may show a weaker association because they also directly impact joint excursion and are thus more influenced by other aspects of locomotion, including climbing. Climbing frequency is positively correlated with humeral head articular surface area/diaphyseal strength, but weakly negatively correlated with femoral head articular surface area/diaphyseal strength. These combined trends lead to a strong negative association between climbing and femoral/humeral head surface area. Femoral/humeral diaphyseal strength and distal articular breadth are not correlated with climbing frequency. The climbing results are consistent with greater shoulder mobility in more frequent vertical climbers. The lack of such a relationship in the femur among these taxa contrasts with earlier findings for catarrhines more generally, including hominoids, and may be a result of different climbing kinematics in cercopithecoids involving less hip abduction than in hominoids. Different use of the forelimb during climbing in cercopithecoids and hominoids may also explain the lack of association between femoral/humeral diaphyseal strength and climbing in the present study, in contrast to comparisons across catarrhines more generally.
KW - Articulation
KW - Bone strength
KW - Cercopithecoid
KW - Limb bone
KW - Locomotion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065533800&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85065533800&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.04.003
DO - 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.04.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 31203851
AN - SCOPUS:85065533800
SN - 0047-2484
VL - 132
SP - 47
EP - 60
JO - Journal of Human Evolution
JF - Journal of Human Evolution
ER -