TY - JOUR
T1 - Liver transplantation for acute intermittent porphyria
T2 - Biochemical and pathologic studies of the explanted liver
AU - Yasuda, Makiko
AU - Erwin, Angelika L.
AU - Liu, Lawrence U.
AU - Balwani, Manisha
AU - Chen, Brenden
AU - Kadirvel, Senkottuvelan
AU - Gan, Lin
AU - Fie, M. Isabel
AU - Gordon, Ronald E.
AU - Yu, Chunli
AU - Clavero, Sonia
AU - Arvelakis, Antonios
AU - Naik, Hetanshi
AU - Martin, L. David
AU - Phillips, John D.
AU - Anderson, Karl E.
AU - Sadagoparamanujam, Vaithamanithi M.
AU - Florman, Sander S.
AU - Desnick, Robert J.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Ethellyn Panta (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai) and Hector Bergonia (University of Utah School of Medicine) for their excellent technical assistance. This work was supported in part by Career Development Awards K01 DK087971 (to M Yasuda) and K23 DK095946 (to M Balwani) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and a co-operative grant (U54 DK083909) for the Porphyrias Consortium, which is a part of the NIH Rare Diseases Research Network (RDCRN) and supported through collaboration between the NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) at the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The Liver Tissue Cell Distribution System at the University of Minnesota provided the control human liver tissues and is funded by NIH contract HHSN276201200017C.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Uninversity of Michigan. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/6/5
Y1 - 2015/6/5
N2 - Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal-dominant hepatic disorder caused by the half-normal activity of hydrox-ymethylbilane (HMB) synthase. Symptomatic individuals experience life-threatening acute neurovisceral attacks that are precipitated by factors that induce the hepatic expression of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1), resulting in the marked accumulation of the putative neurotoxic porphyrin precursors 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG). Here, we provide the first detailed description of the biochemical and pathologic alterations in the explanted liver of an AIP patient who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) due to untreatable and debilitating chronic attacks. After OLT, the recipient's plasma and urinary ALA and PBG rapidly normalized, and her attacks immediately stopped. In the explanted liver, (a) ALAS1 mRNA and activity were elevated approximately ~3- and 5-fold, and ALA and PBG concentrations were increased ~3- and 1,760-fold, respectively; (b) uroporphyrin III concentration was elevated; (c) microsomal heme content was sufficient, and representative cytochrome P450 activities were essentially normal; (d) HMB synthase activity was approximately half-normal (~42%); (e) iron concentration was slightly elevated; and (f) heme oxygenase I mRNA was increased approximately three-fold. Notable pathologic findings included nodular regenerative hyperplasia, previously not reported in AIP livers, and minimal iron deposition, despite the large number of hemin infusions received before OLT. These findings suggest that the neurovisceral symptoms of AIP are not associated with generalized hepatic heme deficiency and support the neurotoxicity of ALA and/or PBG. Additionally, they indicate that substrate inhibition of hepatic HMB synthase activity by PBG is not a pathogenic mechanism in acute attacks.
AB - Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal-dominant hepatic disorder caused by the half-normal activity of hydrox-ymethylbilane (HMB) synthase. Symptomatic individuals experience life-threatening acute neurovisceral attacks that are precipitated by factors that induce the hepatic expression of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1), resulting in the marked accumulation of the putative neurotoxic porphyrin precursors 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG). Here, we provide the first detailed description of the biochemical and pathologic alterations in the explanted liver of an AIP patient who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) due to untreatable and debilitating chronic attacks. After OLT, the recipient's plasma and urinary ALA and PBG rapidly normalized, and her attacks immediately stopped. In the explanted liver, (a) ALAS1 mRNA and activity were elevated approximately ~3- and 5-fold, and ALA and PBG concentrations were increased ~3- and 1,760-fold, respectively; (b) uroporphyrin III concentration was elevated; (c) microsomal heme content was sufficient, and representative cytochrome P450 activities were essentially normal; (d) HMB synthase activity was approximately half-normal (~42%); (e) iron concentration was slightly elevated; and (f) heme oxygenase I mRNA was increased approximately three-fold. Notable pathologic findings included nodular regenerative hyperplasia, previously not reported in AIP livers, and minimal iron deposition, despite the large number of hemin infusions received before OLT. These findings suggest that the neurovisceral symptoms of AIP are not associated with generalized hepatic heme deficiency and support the neurotoxicity of ALA and/or PBG. Additionally, they indicate that substrate inhibition of hepatic HMB synthase activity by PBG is not a pathogenic mechanism in acute attacks.
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U2 - 10.2119/molmed.2015.00099
DO - 10.2119/molmed.2015.00099
M3 - Article
C2 - 26062020
AN - SCOPUS:84941926229
SN - 1076-1551
VL - 21
SP - 487
EP - 495
JO - Molecular Medicine
JF - Molecular Medicine
ER -