TY - JOUR
T1 - Levels of Genital Tract Defensins and Cytokines Differ between HIV-Uninfected US and African Women
AU - Murphy, Kerry
AU - Richardson, Barbra A.
AU - Dezzutti, Charlene S.
AU - Marrazzo, Jeanne
AU - Hillier, Sharon L.
AU - Hendrix, Craig W.
AU - Herold, Betsy C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2015/10/1
Y1 - 2015/10/1
N2 - Problem: To explore the impact of race and geographic region on biomarkers of HIV risk and vaginal health, differences in soluble immune mediators were measured in US versus African and US white versus US black women at enrollment into a phase 2 microbicide trial. Methods: Levels of soluble mucosal immune mediators and inhibitory activity against E. coli, which may serve as biomarkers of risk for HIV and other genital tract infections, were quantified in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) collected from HIV-uninfected women in the United States (n = 73) and Africa (n = 73). Differences between groups were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression models for dichotomous variables and linear regression models for continuous variables. Results: Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, lactoferrin, human beta defensins, interleukin (IL)-8, and interferon-gamma-induced protein-10 were significantly higher in US compared to African women in multivariable analysis, but only IL-1β was significantly different between US white and black women. E. coli inhibitory activity did not differ among groups in adjusted analyses. Conclusion: Differences in soluble mucosal immunity between US and African women may play an important role in women's risk for HIV and other genital tract infections and response to prevention strategies including vaginal microbicides and should be considered in future studies.
AB - Problem: To explore the impact of race and geographic region on biomarkers of HIV risk and vaginal health, differences in soluble immune mediators were measured in US versus African and US white versus US black women at enrollment into a phase 2 microbicide trial. Methods: Levels of soluble mucosal immune mediators and inhibitory activity against E. coli, which may serve as biomarkers of risk for HIV and other genital tract infections, were quantified in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) collected from HIV-uninfected women in the United States (n = 73) and Africa (n = 73). Differences between groups were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression models for dichotomous variables and linear regression models for continuous variables. Results: Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, lactoferrin, human beta defensins, interleukin (IL)-8, and interferon-gamma-induced protein-10 were significantly higher in US compared to African women in multivariable analysis, but only IL-1β was significantly different between US white and black women. E. coli inhibitory activity did not differ among groups in adjusted analyses. Conclusion: Differences in soluble mucosal immunity between US and African women may play an important role in women's risk for HIV and other genital tract infections and response to prevention strategies including vaginal microbicides and should be considered in future studies.
KW - Female genital tract
KW - HIV
KW - Mucosal immunity
KW - Racial disparities
KW - Sexually transmitted infections
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U2 - 10.1111/aji.12411
DO - 10.1111/aji.12411
M3 - Article
C2 - 26094732
AN - SCOPUS:84941740313
SN - 1046-7408
VL - 74
SP - 313
EP - 322
JO - American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
JF - American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
IS - 4
ER -