TY - JOUR
T1 - Language impairment in children perinatally infected with HIV compared to children who were HIV-exposed and uninfected
AU - Rice, Mabel L.
AU - Buchanan, Ashley L.
AU - Siberry, George K.
AU - Malee, Kathleen M.
AU - Zeldow, Bret
AU - Frederick, Toni
AU - Purswani, Murli U.
AU - Hoffman, Howard J.
AU - Sirois, Patricia A.
AU - Smith, Renee
AU - Torre, Peter
AU - Allison, Susannah M.
AU - Williams, Paige L.
PY - 2012/2
Y1 - 2012/2
N2 - Objective: To investigate the risk for language impairment (LI) in children perinatally infected or exposed to HIV. Methods: We evaluated the prevalence of LI in 7-to 16-year-old children with perinatal HIV infection (HIV+) compared with HIV-exposed and uninfected children, using a comprehensive standardized language test (Clinical Evaluation of Language Functioning-Fourth Edition [CELF-4]). LI was classified as primary LI (Pri-LI) (monolingual English exposure and no cognitive or hearing impairment), concurrent LI (Con-LI) (cognitive or hearing impairment), or no LI. Associations of demographic, caregiver, HIV disease, and antiretroviral treatment factors with LI category were evaluated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Of the 468 children with language assessments, 184 (39%) had LI. No difference was observed by HIV infection status for overall LI or for Pri-LI or Con-LI; mean (SD) CELF-4 scores were 88.5 (18.4) for HIV+ versus 87.5 (17.9) for HIV-exposed and uninfected children. After adjustment, black children had higher odds of Pri-LI versus no LI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.43, p = .03). Children who were black, Hispanic, had a caregiver with low education or low intelligence quotient, or a nonbiological parent as caregiver had higher odds of Con-LI versus no LI. Among HIV+ children, viral load >400 copies/mL (aOR = 3.04, p < .001), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Class C (aOR = 2.19, p = .02), and antiretroviral treatment initiation <6 months of age (aOR = 2.12, p = .02) were associated with higher odds of Con-LI versus no LI. Conclusions: Children perinatally exposed to HIV are at high risk for LI, but such risk was not increased for youth with HIV. Risk factors differed for Pri-LI and Con-LI.
AB - Objective: To investigate the risk for language impairment (LI) in children perinatally infected or exposed to HIV. Methods: We evaluated the prevalence of LI in 7-to 16-year-old children with perinatal HIV infection (HIV+) compared with HIV-exposed and uninfected children, using a comprehensive standardized language test (Clinical Evaluation of Language Functioning-Fourth Edition [CELF-4]). LI was classified as primary LI (Pri-LI) (monolingual English exposure and no cognitive or hearing impairment), concurrent LI (Con-LI) (cognitive or hearing impairment), or no LI. Associations of demographic, caregiver, HIV disease, and antiretroviral treatment factors with LI category were evaluated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Of the 468 children with language assessments, 184 (39%) had LI. No difference was observed by HIV infection status for overall LI or for Pri-LI or Con-LI; mean (SD) CELF-4 scores were 88.5 (18.4) for HIV+ versus 87.5 (17.9) for HIV-exposed and uninfected children. After adjustment, black children had higher odds of Pri-LI versus no LI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.43, p = .03). Children who were black, Hispanic, had a caregiver with low education or low intelligence quotient, or a nonbiological parent as caregiver had higher odds of Con-LI versus no LI. Among HIV+ children, viral load >400 copies/mL (aOR = 3.04, p < .001), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Class C (aOR = 2.19, p = .02), and antiretroviral treatment initiation <6 months of age (aOR = 2.12, p = .02) were associated with higher odds of Con-LI versus no LI. Conclusions: Children perinatally exposed to HIV are at high risk for LI, but such risk was not increased for youth with HIV. Risk factors differed for Pri-LI and Con-LI.
KW - antiretroviral therapy
KW - language impairment
KW - pediatric HIV infection
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U2 - 10.1097/DBP.0b013e318241ed23
DO - 10.1097/DBP.0b013e318241ed23
M3 - Article
C2 - 22179050
AN - SCOPUS:84857058559
SN - 0196-206X
VL - 33
SP - 112
EP - 123
JO - Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
JF - Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
IS - 2
ER -