TY - JOUR
T1 - L, M and L-M hybrid cone photopigments in man
T2 - deriving λ(max) from flicker photometric spectral sensitivities
AU - Sharpe, Lindsay T.
AU - Stockman, Andrew
AU - Jägle, Herbert
AU - Knau, Holger
AU - Nathans, Jeremy
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Bonn) grants SFB 325 Tp A13, SFB 430 Tp A6 and Sh23/5-1 and a Hermann- und Lilly-Schilling-Stiftung-Professur (LTS), a National Institutes of Health grant EY 10206 (AS), and by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (JN). We thank Clemens Fach, Gert Klausen and Andreas Reitner for assisting with the recruitment of the dichromats and with the spectral sensitivity measurements.
PY - 1999/10
Y1 - 1999/10
N2 - Using heterochromatic flicker photometry, we have measured the corneal spectral sensitivities of the X-chromosome-linked photopigments in 40 dichromats, 37 of whom have a single opsin gene in their tandem array. The photopigments encoded by their genes include: the alanine variant of the normal middle-wavelength sensitive photopigment, M(A180); the alanine and serine variants of the normal long-wavelength sensitive photopigment, L(A180) and L(S180); four different L-M hybrid or anomalous photopigments, L2M3(A180), L3M4(S180), L4M5(A180) and L4M5(S180); and two variants of the L-cone photopigment, encoded by genes with embedded M-cone exon two sequences, L(M2; A180) and L(M2; S180). The peak absorbances (λ(max)) of the underlying photopigment spectra associated with each genotype were estimated by correcting the corneal spectral sensitivities back to the retinal level, after removing the effects of the macular and lens pigments and fitting a template of fixed shape to the dilute photopigment spectrum. Details of the genotype-phenotype correlations are summarized elsewhere (Sharpe, L. T., Stockman, A., Jagle, H., Knau, H., Klausen, G., Reitner, A. et al. (1998). J. Neuroscience, 18, 10053-10069). Here, we present the individual corneal spectral sensitivities for the first time as well as details and a comparison of three analyses used to estimate the λ(max) values, including one in which the lens and macular pigment densities of each observer were individually measured. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.
AB - Using heterochromatic flicker photometry, we have measured the corneal spectral sensitivities of the X-chromosome-linked photopigments in 40 dichromats, 37 of whom have a single opsin gene in their tandem array. The photopigments encoded by their genes include: the alanine variant of the normal middle-wavelength sensitive photopigment, M(A180); the alanine and serine variants of the normal long-wavelength sensitive photopigment, L(A180) and L(S180); four different L-M hybrid or anomalous photopigments, L2M3(A180), L3M4(S180), L4M5(A180) and L4M5(S180); and two variants of the L-cone photopigment, encoded by genes with embedded M-cone exon two sequences, L(M2; A180) and L(M2; S180). The peak absorbances (λ(max)) of the underlying photopigment spectra associated with each genotype were estimated by correcting the corneal spectral sensitivities back to the retinal level, after removing the effects of the macular and lens pigments and fitting a template of fixed shape to the dilute photopigment spectrum. Details of the genotype-phenotype correlations are summarized elsewhere (Sharpe, L. T., Stockman, A., Jagle, H., Knau, H., Klausen, G., Reitner, A. et al. (1998). J. Neuroscience, 18, 10053-10069). Here, we present the individual corneal spectral sensitivities for the first time as well as details and a comparison of three analyses used to estimate the λ(max) values, including one in which the lens and macular pigment densities of each observer were individually measured. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.
KW - Color matching
KW - Cone fundamental
KW - Deuteranopes
KW - Dichromacy
KW - L-cones
KW - Lens pigment
KW - M-cones
KW - Macular pigment
KW - Photopigment genes
KW - Photopigments
KW - Protanopes
KW - Single-gene dichromats
KW - Spectral sensitivity
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U2 - 10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00061-9
DO - 10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00061-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 10746123
AN - SCOPUS:0032768573
SN - 0042-6989
VL - 39
SP - 3513
EP - 3525
JO - Vision Research
JF - Vision Research
IS - 21
ER -