TY - JOUR
T1 - Is employment status in adults over 25 years old associated with nonmedical prescription opioid and stimulant use?
AU - Perlmutter, Alexander S.
AU - Conner, Sarah C.
AU - Savone, Mirko
AU - Kim, June H.
AU - Segura, Luis E.
AU - Martins, Silvia S.
N1 - Funding Information:
The data reported herein come from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public use files and made publicly available by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). This study is IRB exempt. Dr. Martins is currently funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA—R01DA037866 and R01DA039454), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development (NICHD—R01HD060072), and by a Columbia University President’s Global Innovation Fund. June Kim is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA—5T32DA031099-04). Mirko Savone is funded by the Valerie Fund. Luis Segura is funded by the CONACYT doctoral scholarship.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2017/3/1
Y1 - 2017/3/1
N2 - Purpose: Nonmedical use of prescription opioid and stimulants (NMUPO and NMUPS, respectively) has declined in recent years, but remains an important public health problem. Evidence regarding their relationships with employment status remains unclear. We determined the relationship between employment status and NMUPO and NMUPS. Methods: We analyzed a cross-sectional, nationally representative, weighted sample of 58,486 adults, ages 26 years and older, using combined 2011–2013 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). We fit two crude and two adjusted multivariable logistic regression models to assess the relationship between our two different outcomes of interest: (1) past-year NMUPO and (2) past-year NMUPS, and our exposure of interest: employment status, categorized as (1) full time, (2) part time, (3) unemployed, and (4) not in the workforce. Our adjusted models featured the following covariates: sex, race, age, marital status, and psychological distress, and other nonmedical use. Results: Prevalence of NMUPO was higher than NMUPS (3.48 vs. 0.72%). Unemployed participants had the highest odds of NMUPO [aOR 1.45, 95% CI (1.15–1.82)], while those not in the workforce had the highest odds of NMUPS [aOR 1.71, 95% CI (1.22–2.37)]. Additionally, part-time and unemployed individuals had increased odds of NMUPS [aORs, 95% CI 1.59 (1.09–2.31) and 1.67 (1.11–2.37) respectively], while those not in the workforce had decreased odds of NMUPO [aOR 0.82, 95% CI (0.68–0.99)] relative to full-time participants. Conclusions: There is a need for adult prevention and deterrence programs that target nonmedical prescription drug use, especially among those unemployed or not in the workforce.
AB - Purpose: Nonmedical use of prescription opioid and stimulants (NMUPO and NMUPS, respectively) has declined in recent years, but remains an important public health problem. Evidence regarding their relationships with employment status remains unclear. We determined the relationship between employment status and NMUPO and NMUPS. Methods: We analyzed a cross-sectional, nationally representative, weighted sample of 58,486 adults, ages 26 years and older, using combined 2011–2013 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). We fit two crude and two adjusted multivariable logistic regression models to assess the relationship between our two different outcomes of interest: (1) past-year NMUPO and (2) past-year NMUPS, and our exposure of interest: employment status, categorized as (1) full time, (2) part time, (3) unemployed, and (4) not in the workforce. Our adjusted models featured the following covariates: sex, race, age, marital status, and psychological distress, and other nonmedical use. Results: Prevalence of NMUPO was higher than NMUPS (3.48 vs. 0.72%). Unemployed participants had the highest odds of NMUPO [aOR 1.45, 95% CI (1.15–1.82)], while those not in the workforce had the highest odds of NMUPS [aOR 1.71, 95% CI (1.22–2.37)]. Additionally, part-time and unemployed individuals had increased odds of NMUPS [aORs, 95% CI 1.59 (1.09–2.31) and 1.67 (1.11–2.37) respectively], while those not in the workforce had decreased odds of NMUPO [aOR 0.82, 95% CI (0.68–0.99)] relative to full-time participants. Conclusions: There is a need for adult prevention and deterrence programs that target nonmedical prescription drug use, especially among those unemployed or not in the workforce.
KW - Employment
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Nonmedical prescription drug use
KW - Opioid
KW - Stimulant
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U2 - 10.1007/s00127-016-1312-6
DO - 10.1007/s00127-016-1312-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 27858120
AN - SCOPUS:84995770360
SN - 0933-7954
VL - 52
SP - 291
EP - 298
JO - Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
JF - Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
IS - 3
ER -