TY - JOUR
T1 - Is adaptive control in language production mediated by learning?
AU - Freund, Michael
AU - Nozari, Nazbanou
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the NSF grant 1631993 awarded to Nazbanou Nozari, and in part by the Cognitive Neuroscience Fund awarded to the Cognitive Neurology division of the Neurology Department at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. We would like to thank Aaron Apple for his help with the design, Chris Hepner for his comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and Jared Novick, Ardi Roelofs and Natalia Shitova for useful discussions.
Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the NSF grant 1631993 awarded to Nazbanou Nozari, and in part by the Cognitive Neuroscience Fund awarded to the Cognitive Neurology division of the Neurology Department at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. We would like to thank Aaron Apple for his help with the design, Chris Hepner for his comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and Jared Novick, Ardi Roelofs and Natalia Shitova for useful discussions.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/7
Y1 - 2018/7
N2 - Recent work using the Picture Word Interference (PWI) paradigm has revealed that language production, similar to non-verbal tasks, shows a robust Congruency Sequence Effect (CSE), defined as a decreased congruency effect following incongruent trials. Although CSE is considered an index of adaptive control, its mechanism is debated. In two experiments, we tested the predictions of a learning model of adaptive control in production, using a task-switching paradigm fully balanced to evaluate CSE on a PWI trial as a function of the congruency of a 2-back PWI trial (within-task CSE), as well as a 1-back trial belonging to a different task (cross-task CSE). The second task was a visuospatial task with congruent and incongruent trials in Experiment 1, and a self-paced reading task with ambiguous and unambiguous sentences in Experiment 2 that imposed a gap between the two PWI trials twice as long of that in Experiment 1. A learning model posits that CSE is the result of changes to the connection weights between task-specific representations and a control center, which leads to two predictions in our paradigm: (a) a robust within-task CSE unaffected by the intervening trial and the gap duration, and (b) an absent or reversed cross-task CSE. These predictions were contrasted with two versions of an activation model of CSE. In accord with the predictions of the learning model, we found robust within-task CSE in PWI in both Experiments with a comparable effect size. Similarly, evidence of within-task CSE was also found in the visuospatial and sentence reading tasks. On the other hand, examination of cross-task CSE from PWI to the other tasks and vice versa revealed either absent or reversed CSE. Collectively, these results support a learning model of adaptive control in language production.
AB - Recent work using the Picture Word Interference (PWI) paradigm has revealed that language production, similar to non-verbal tasks, shows a robust Congruency Sequence Effect (CSE), defined as a decreased congruency effect following incongruent trials. Although CSE is considered an index of adaptive control, its mechanism is debated. In two experiments, we tested the predictions of a learning model of adaptive control in production, using a task-switching paradigm fully balanced to evaluate CSE on a PWI trial as a function of the congruency of a 2-back PWI trial (within-task CSE), as well as a 1-back trial belonging to a different task (cross-task CSE). The second task was a visuospatial task with congruent and incongruent trials in Experiment 1, and a self-paced reading task with ambiguous and unambiguous sentences in Experiment 2 that imposed a gap between the two PWI trials twice as long of that in Experiment 1. A learning model posits that CSE is the result of changes to the connection weights between task-specific representations and a control center, which leads to two predictions in our paradigm: (a) a robust within-task CSE unaffected by the intervening trial and the gap duration, and (b) an absent or reversed cross-task CSE. These predictions were contrasted with two versions of an activation model of CSE. In accord with the predictions of the learning model, we found robust within-task CSE in PWI in both Experiments with a comparable effect size. Similarly, evidence of within-task CSE was also found in the visuospatial and sentence reading tasks. On the other hand, examination of cross-task CSE from PWI to the other tasks and vice versa revealed either absent or reversed CSE. Collectively, these results support a learning model of adaptive control in language production.
KW - Cognitive control
KW - Conflict adaptation, learning
KW - Congruency sequence effect (CSE)
KW - Domain generality
KW - Language monitoring
KW - Word production
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.03.009
DO - 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.03.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 29550688
AN - SCOPUS:85046040504
VL - 176
SP - 107
EP - 130
JO - Cognition
JF - Cognition
SN - 0010-0277
ER -