TY - JOUR
T1 - Involvement of nitrogen metabolism in the triggering of ethanol fermentation in aerobic chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
AU - Aon, Juan C.
AU - Cortassa, Sonia
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from Fundacion Antorchas and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient@ficas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina. The authors thank Dr. Miguel A. Aon for fruitful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript and Maria E. Caligari for technical assistance. J.C.A. is a Fellow from CONICET on leave at MIT, Massachusetts. S.C. is a Career Researcher from CONICET.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - We have investigated whether central nitrogen metabolism may influence the triggering of ethanol fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK122 grown in the presence of different N-sources (ammonia, glutamate, or glutamine) under conditions in which the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio was varied. An exhaustive quantitative evaluation of yeast physiology and metabolic behavior through metabolic flux analysis (MFA) was undertaken. It is shown that ethanol fermentation is triggered at dilution rates, D (growth rate), significantly lower (D = 0.070 and 0.074 h-1 for glutamate and glutamine, respectively, and D = 0.109 h-1 for ammonia) under N- than C-limitation ( ∼ 0.18 h-1 for all N-sources). A characteristic specific rate of glucose influx, qGlc, for each N-source at Dc, i.e., just before the onset of respirofermentative metabolism, was determined ( ∼ 2.0, 1.5, and 2.5, for ammonia, glutamate, and glutamine, respectively). This qGlc was independent of the nutritional limitation though dependent on the nature of the N-source. The onset of fermentation occurs when this "threshold qGlc" is overcome. The saturation of respiratory activity appears not to be associated with the onset of fermentation since qO2 continued to increase after Dc. It was remarkable that under respirofermentative conditions in C-limited chemostat cultures, the glucose consumed was almost completely fermented with biomass being synthesized from glutamate through gluconeogenesis. The results obtained show that the enzyme activities involved in central nitrogen metabolism do not appear to participate in the control of the overflow in carbon catabolism, which is driven toward ethanol production. The role of nitrogen metabolism in the onset of ethanol fermentation would rather be realized through its involvement in setting the anabolic fluxes directed to nitrogenous macromolecules. It seems that nitrogen-related anabolic fluxes would determine when the threshold glucose consumption rate is achieved after which ethanol fermentation is triggered.
AB - We have investigated whether central nitrogen metabolism may influence the triggering of ethanol fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK122 grown in the presence of different N-sources (ammonia, glutamate, or glutamine) under conditions in which the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio was varied. An exhaustive quantitative evaluation of yeast physiology and metabolic behavior through metabolic flux analysis (MFA) was undertaken. It is shown that ethanol fermentation is triggered at dilution rates, D (growth rate), significantly lower (D = 0.070 and 0.074 h-1 for glutamate and glutamine, respectively, and D = 0.109 h-1 for ammonia) under N- than C-limitation ( ∼ 0.18 h-1 for all N-sources). A characteristic specific rate of glucose influx, qGlc, for each N-source at Dc, i.e., just before the onset of respirofermentative metabolism, was determined ( ∼ 2.0, 1.5, and 2.5, for ammonia, glutamate, and glutamine, respectively). This qGlc was independent of the nutritional limitation though dependent on the nature of the N-source. The onset of fermentation occurs when this "threshold qGlc" is overcome. The saturation of respiratory activity appears not to be associated with the onset of fermentation since qO2 continued to increase after Dc. It was remarkable that under respirofermentative conditions in C-limited chemostat cultures, the glucose consumed was almost completely fermented with biomass being synthesized from glutamate through gluconeogenesis. The results obtained show that the enzyme activities involved in central nitrogen metabolism do not appear to participate in the control of the overflow in carbon catabolism, which is driven toward ethanol production. The role of nitrogen metabolism in the onset of ethanol fermentation would rather be realized through its involvement in setting the anabolic fluxes directed to nitrogenous macromolecules. It seems that nitrogen-related anabolic fluxes would determine when the threshold glucose consumption rate is achieved after which ethanol fermentation is triggered.
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U2 - 10.1006/mben.2001.0181
DO - 10.1006/mben.2001.0181
M3 - Article
C2 - 11461147
AN - SCOPUS:0034873481
SN - 1096-7176
VL - 3
SP - 250
EP - 264
JO - Metabolic Engineering
JF - Metabolic Engineering
IS - 3
ER -