TY - JOUR
T1 - Investing in the future
T2 - Stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex reduces discounting of delayed rewards
AU - Cho, Sang Soo
AU - Koshimori, Yuko
AU - Aminian, Kelly
AU - Obeso, Ignacio
AU - Rusjan, Pablo
AU - Lang, Anthony E.
AU - Daskalakis, Zafiris J.
AU - Houle, Sylvain
AU - Strafella, Antonio P.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP 110962). A.P.S. is supported by the Canada Research Chair program. S.S.C. is supported by a fellowship from Parkinson Society Canada. In the last 5 years, Z.J.D. received research and equipment in-kind support for an investigator-initiated study through Brains-way Inc and a travel allowance through Merck. Z.J.D. has also received speaker funding through Sepracor Inc, AstraZeneca and served on the advisory board for Hoffmann-La Roche Limited and Merck and received speaker support from Eli Lilly. This work was supported by the Ontario Mental Health Foundation (OMHF), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation, the Temerty Family and Grant Family and through the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Foundation and the Campbell Institute. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
PY - 2015/2
Y1 - 2015/2
N2 - Generally, rewards that are received sooner are often preferred over future rewards, and the time between the choice and the reception of the reward is an important factor that influences our decisions, a phenomenon called delay discounting (DD). In DD, the medial prefrontal cortex (MePFC) and striatal dopamine neurotransmission both play an important role. We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to transiently activate the MePFC to evaluate its behavioral effect on the DD paradigm, and subsequently to measure its effect on striatal dopamine. Twenty-four right-handed young healthy subjects (11 females; age: 22.1±2.9 years) underwent DD following 10 Hz-rTMS of the MePFC and vertex stimulation (control condition). Thereafter, 11 subjects (5 females; age: 22.2±2.87 years) completed the PET study at rest using 11 C-(+)-PHNO following 10 Hz-rTMS of the MePFC and vertex. Modulation of the MePFC excitability influenced the subjective level of DD for delayed rewards and interfered with synaptic dopamine level in the striatum. The present study yielded findings that might reconcile the role of these areas in interoral decision making and dopamine modulation, suggesting that the subjective sense of time and value of reward are critically controlled by these important regions.
AB - Generally, rewards that are received sooner are often preferred over future rewards, and the time between the choice and the reception of the reward is an important factor that influences our decisions, a phenomenon called delay discounting (DD). In DD, the medial prefrontal cortex (MePFC) and striatal dopamine neurotransmission both play an important role. We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to transiently activate the MePFC to evaluate its behavioral effect on the DD paradigm, and subsequently to measure its effect on striatal dopamine. Twenty-four right-handed young healthy subjects (11 females; age: 22.1±2.9 years) underwent DD following 10 Hz-rTMS of the MePFC and vertex stimulation (control condition). Thereafter, 11 subjects (5 females; age: 22.2±2.87 years) completed the PET study at rest using 11 C-(+)-PHNO following 10 Hz-rTMS of the MePFC and vertex. Modulation of the MePFC excitability influenced the subjective level of DD for delayed rewards and interfered with synaptic dopamine level in the striatum. The present study yielded findings that might reconcile the role of these areas in interoral decision making and dopamine modulation, suggesting that the subjective sense of time and value of reward are critically controlled by these important regions.
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U2 - 10.1038/npp.2014.211
DO - 10.1038/npp.2014.211
M3 - Article
C2 - 25168685
AN - SCOPUS:84922073887
SN - 0893-133X
VL - 40
SP - 546
EP - 553
JO - Neuropsychopharmacology
JF - Neuropsychopharmacology
IS - 3
ER -