@inproceedings{94a7ae4f706e477a8f0318d0ee426e1f,
title = "Intraoperative ultrasound to monitor spinal cord blood flow after spinal cord injury",
abstract = "Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. The primary phase of SCI is initiated by mechanical trauma to the spinal cord, while the secondary phase involves the ensuing tissue swelling and ischemia that worsen tissue damage and functional outcome. Optimizing blood flow to the spinal cord after SCI can mitigate injury progression and improve outcome. Accurate, sensitive, real-time monitoring is critical to assessing the spinal cord perfusion status and optimizing management, particularly in those with injuries severe enough to require surgery. However, the complex anatomy of the spinal cord vasculature and surrounding structures present significant challenges to such a monitoring strategy. In this study, Doppler ultrasound was hypothesized to be a potential solution to detect and monitor spinal cord tissue perfusion in SCI patients who required spinal decompression and/or stabilization surgeries. This approach could provide real-time visual blood flow information and pulsatility of the spinal cord as biomarkers of tissue perfusion. Importantly, Doppler ultrasound could be readily integrated into the surgical workflow, because the spinal cord was exposed during surgery, thereby allowing easy access for Doppler deployment, while keeping the dura intact. Doppler ultrasound successfully measured blood flow in single and bifurcated microfluidic channels at physiologically relevant flow rates and dimensions in both in-vitro and in-vivo porcine SCI models. Furthermore, perfusion was quantified from the obtained images. Our results provide a promising and viable solution to intraoperatively assess and monitor blood flow at the SCI site to optimize tissue perfusion and improve functional recovery in SCI patients.",
keywords = "Animal studies, Doppler ultrasound, Functional imaging, In-vitro, Intraoperative imaging, Microfluidics, Neurological imaging, Neurosurgery, Porcine, Spinal cord injury, Ultrasound",
author = "Amir Manbachi and Sandeep Kambhampati and Ana Ainechi and Smruti Mahapatra and Micah Belzberg and Guoliang Ying and Rongrong Chai and Zhang, {Yu Shrike} and Noah Gorelick and Zach Pennington and Erick Westbroek and Bowen Jiang and Brian Hwang and Thomas Benassi and George Coles and Betty Tyler and Ian Suk and Youseph Yazdi and Nicholas Theodore",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 SPIE; Medical Imaging 2020: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging ; Conference date: 18-02-2020 Through 20-02-2020",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1117/12.2548789",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE",
publisher = "SPIE",
editor = "Andrzej Krol and Gimi, {Barjor S.}",
booktitle = "Medical Imaging 2020",
}