@article{8952603366f546b89a0b7da76f75d999,
title = "Information Hazards in Biotechnology",
abstract = "With the advance of biotechnology, biological information, rather than biological materials, is increasingly the object of principal security concern. We argue that both in theory and in practice, existing security approaches in biology are poorly suited to manage hazardous biological information, and use the cases of Mousepox, H5N1 gain of function, and Botulinum toxin H to highlight these ongoing challenges. We suggest that mitigation of these hazards can be improved if one can: (1) anticipate hazard potential before scientific work is performed; (2) consider how much the new information would likely help both good and bad actors; and (3) aim to disclose information in the manner that maximally disadvantages bad actors versus good ones.",
keywords = "Biotechnology, dual-use research of concern, information hazards",
author = "Gregory Lewis and Piers Millett and Anders Sandberg and Andrew Snyder-Beattie and Gigi Gronvall",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Carl Shulman, Kevin Esvelt, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful commentary on earlier drafts of this article. This work was supported by the Open Philanthropy Project. This work also received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 669751). This article reflects the views only of the authors. The ERCEA is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Funding Information: We thank Carl Shulman, Kevin Esvelt, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful commentary on earlier drafts of this article. This work was supported by the Open Philanthropy Project. This work also received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 669751). This article reflects the views only of the authors. The ERCEA is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Authors. Risk Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Risk Analysis.",
year = "2019",
month = may,
doi = "10.1111/risa.13235",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "39",
pages = "975--981",
journal = "Risk Analysis",
issn = "0272-4332",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "5",
}