TY - JOUR
T1 - Influenza surveillance among children with pneumonia admitted to a district hospital in coastal Kenya, 2007-2010
AU - Onyango, Clayton O.
AU - Njeru, Regina
AU - Kazungu, Sidi
AU - Achilla, Rachel
AU - Bulimo, Wallace
AU - Welch, Stephen R.
AU - Cane, Patricia A.
AU - Gunson, Rory N.
AU - Hammitt, Laura L.
AU - Scott, J. Anthony G.
AU - Berkley, James A.
AU - Nokes, D. James
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grants 084633, 081835, and 081186 to D. J. N., J. A. G. S., and J. A. B., respectively), as well as by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, through PERCH (Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health). Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts.
PY - 2012/12/15
Y1 - 2012/12/15
N2 - Background Influenza data gaps in sub-Saharan Africa include incidence, case fatality, seasonal patterns, and associations with prevalent disorders.Methods Nasopharyngeal samples from children aged <12 years who were admitted to Kilifi District Hospital during 2007-2010 with severe or very severe pneumonia and resided in the local demographic surveillance system were screened for influenza A, B, and C viruses by molecular methods. Outpatient children provided comparative data.Results Of 2002 admissions, influenza A virus infection was diagnosed in 3.5% (71), influenza B virus infection, in 0.9% (19); and influenza C virus infection, in 0.8% (11 of 1404 tested). Four patients with influenza died. Among outpatients, 13 of 331 (3.9%) with acute respiratory infection and 1 of 196 without acute respiratory infection were influenza positive. The annual incidence of severe or very severe pneumonia, of influenza (any type), and of influenza A, was 1321, 60, and 43 cases per 100 000 <5 years of age, respectively. Peak occurrence was in quarters 3-4 each year, and approximately 50% of cases involved infants: temporal association with bacteremia was absent. Hypoxia was more frequent among pneumonia cases involving influenza (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.96). Influenza A virus subtypes were seasonal H3N2 (57%), seasonal H1N1 (12%), and 2009 pandemic H1N1 (7%).Conclusions The burden of influenza was small during 2007-2010 in this pediatric hospital in Kenya. Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 predominated, and 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 had little impact.
AB - Background Influenza data gaps in sub-Saharan Africa include incidence, case fatality, seasonal patterns, and associations with prevalent disorders.Methods Nasopharyngeal samples from children aged <12 years who were admitted to Kilifi District Hospital during 2007-2010 with severe or very severe pneumonia and resided in the local demographic surveillance system were screened for influenza A, B, and C viruses by molecular methods. Outpatient children provided comparative data.Results Of 2002 admissions, influenza A virus infection was diagnosed in 3.5% (71), influenza B virus infection, in 0.9% (19); and influenza C virus infection, in 0.8% (11 of 1404 tested). Four patients with influenza died. Among outpatients, 13 of 331 (3.9%) with acute respiratory infection and 1 of 196 without acute respiratory infection were influenza positive. The annual incidence of severe or very severe pneumonia, of influenza (any type), and of influenza A, was 1321, 60, and 43 cases per 100 000 <5 years of age, respectively. Peak occurrence was in quarters 3-4 each year, and approximately 50% of cases involved infants: temporal association with bacteremia was absent. Hypoxia was more frequent among pneumonia cases involving influenza (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.96). Influenza A virus subtypes were seasonal H3N2 (57%), seasonal H1N1 (12%), and 2009 pandemic H1N1 (7%).Conclusions The burden of influenza was small during 2007-2010 in this pediatric hospital in Kenya. Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 predominated, and 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 had little impact.
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U2 - 10.1093/infdis/jis536
DO - 10.1093/infdis/jis536
M3 - Article
C2 - 23169974
AN - SCOPUS:84870009613
SN - 0022-1899
VL - 206
SP - S61-S67
JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases
IS - SUPPL.1
ER -