TY - JOUR
T1 - Inflammatory biomarkers in psychosis and clinical high risk populations
AU - Delaney, Shannon
AU - Fallon, Brian
AU - Alaedini, Armin
AU - Yolken, Robert
AU - Indart, Alyssa
AU - Feng, Tianshu
AU - Wang, Yuanjia
AU - Javitt, Daniel
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by an American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Lily Pilot Award, and had no involvement in the design or any aspect of the study.Thanks to the Irving Institute, CTSA grant (UL1TR001873), for use of clinical units and phlebotomy services.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2019/4
Y1 - 2019/4
N2 - Background: Immunological, nutritional, and microbial factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, but the interrelationship among measures is understudied. In particular, an increase in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with all phases of the illness, and may be associated with other inflammatory markers. Vitamin D is a modulator of the immune system, and LPS antibodies are an indirect measure of gut barrier function. In this study we investigated potential contributing inflammatory mechanisms for IL-6 elevation. Methods: We compared the levels of vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP), antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and IL-6 in children, adolescents and young adults with psychosis (n = 47), individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (n = 17) and unaffected comparison controls (n = 33). Participants were diagnosed by a psychiatrist, using a structured interview, the MINI-Neuropsychiatric Interview. 25(OH)D was measured in serum using chemiluminescent micro particle immunoassay, and anti-LPS antibodies, CRP and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA. Results: IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels were significantly elevated in the psychosis group relative to the unaffected control subjects. In the psychosis group, levels of IL-6 correlated positively with IgA anti-LPS antibodies and negatively correlated with vitamin D. Conclusions: Our findings show a significant correlation between IL-6, anti-LPS antibodies and vitamin D deficiency in psychosis, suggesting the existence of multiple potential pathways related to IL-6 elevation in psychosis, and therefore multiple potential strategies for risk mitigation. Collectively these findings support hypotheses regarding interrelated inflammatory contributions to the pathophysiology of psychosis.
AB - Background: Immunological, nutritional, and microbial factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, but the interrelationship among measures is understudied. In particular, an increase in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with all phases of the illness, and may be associated with other inflammatory markers. Vitamin D is a modulator of the immune system, and LPS antibodies are an indirect measure of gut barrier function. In this study we investigated potential contributing inflammatory mechanisms for IL-6 elevation. Methods: We compared the levels of vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP), antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and IL-6 in children, adolescents and young adults with psychosis (n = 47), individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (n = 17) and unaffected comparison controls (n = 33). Participants were diagnosed by a psychiatrist, using a structured interview, the MINI-Neuropsychiatric Interview. 25(OH)D was measured in serum using chemiluminescent micro particle immunoassay, and anti-LPS antibodies, CRP and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA. Results: IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels were significantly elevated in the psychosis group relative to the unaffected control subjects. In the psychosis group, levels of IL-6 correlated positively with IgA anti-LPS antibodies and negatively correlated with vitamin D. Conclusions: Our findings show a significant correlation between IL-6, anti-LPS antibodies and vitamin D deficiency in psychosis, suggesting the existence of multiple potential pathways related to IL-6 elevation in psychosis, and therefore multiple potential strategies for risk mitigation. Collectively these findings support hypotheses regarding interrelated inflammatory contributions to the pathophysiology of psychosis.
KW - Clinical high risk
KW - IL-6
KW - Inflammation
KW - Psychosis
KW - Vitamin D
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U2 - 10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.017
DO - 10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.017
M3 - Article
C2 - 30414721
AN - SCOPUS:85056153197
VL - 206
SP - 440
EP - 443
JO - Schizophrenia Research
JF - Schizophrenia Research
SN - 0920-9964
ER -