TY - JOUR
T1 - Individual fMRI activation in orthographic mapping and morpheme mapping after orthographic or morphological spelling treatment in child dyslexics
AU - Richards, Todd L.
AU - Aylward, Elizabeth H.
AU - Berninger, Virginia W.
AU - Field, Katherine M.
AU - Grimme, Amie C.
AU - Richards, Anne L.
AU - Nagy, William
N1 - Funding Information:
Grants P50 33812 and HD25858 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in the United States supported this research. The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of the Diagnostic Imaging Science Center Director Dr Kenneth Maravilla, MR technician Neva Oskin, electrical engineers Cecil Hayes and Mark Mathis, and statistician Clark Johnson whose assistance was facilitated by grant no. P30 HD02274 from NICHD. They also thank the children and their families who participated in this study and the staff (especially Joan Waiss and Jennifer Thomson) and team of graduate research students who assisted the third author in recruiting and assessing dyslexics and controls and delivering the instructional treatments and who assisted the first two authors in teaching the fMRI tasks, designed by the third and last authors, outside the scanner.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2006/1
Y1 - 2006/1
N2 - Four sets of word-form tasks were administered during fMRI scanning to 18 child dyslexics and 21 controls to identify unique brain activation associated with four kinds of mapping-orthographic, morpheme with and without phonological shift, and phoneme-before treatment, and to measure the effect on each kind of mapping after orthographic and morphological spelling treatment (to which dyslexics were randomly assigned). Dyslexics and/or controls showed significant pretreatment activation in group maps in 18 brain regions during one or more of the mapping tasks. Average fMRI z-scores were used to determine for each kind of fMRI mapping which of the 18 brain areas (a) differentiated dyslexics and controls before treatment; (b) showed significant pre- to posttreatment activation change in dyslexics; (c) showed post-treatment 'normalization' of activation; and (d) changed differently for dyslexics as a function of the kind of treatment received. Dyslexics in orthographic treatment showed reliable change, normalization, and reatment-specific response in right inferior frontal gyrus and right posterior parietal gyrus. Implications of the findings of the combined group map and individual (region of interest) analyses for neurolinguistics, including assessment, treatment and brain plasticity, and the role of different word forms in spelling at a specific developmental stage, are discussed.
AB - Four sets of word-form tasks were administered during fMRI scanning to 18 child dyslexics and 21 controls to identify unique brain activation associated with four kinds of mapping-orthographic, morpheme with and without phonological shift, and phoneme-before treatment, and to measure the effect on each kind of mapping after orthographic and morphological spelling treatment (to which dyslexics were randomly assigned). Dyslexics and/or controls showed significant pretreatment activation in group maps in 18 brain regions during one or more of the mapping tasks. Average fMRI z-scores were used to determine for each kind of fMRI mapping which of the 18 brain areas (a) differentiated dyslexics and controls before treatment; (b) showed significant pre- to posttreatment activation change in dyslexics; (c) showed post-treatment 'normalization' of activation; and (d) changed differently for dyslexics as a function of the kind of treatment received. Dyslexics in orthographic treatment showed reliable change, normalization, and reatment-specific response in right inferior frontal gyrus and right posterior parietal gyrus. Implications of the findings of the combined group map and individual (region of interest) analyses for neurolinguistics, including assessment, treatment and brain plasticity, and the role of different word forms in spelling at a specific developmental stage, are discussed.
KW - Brain response to spelling treatment
KW - Developmental dyslexia
KW - Functional MRI
KW - Morphological word forms
KW - Orthographic word forms
KW - Phonological word forms
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2005.07.003
DO - 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2005.07.003
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:29744460108
SN - 0911-6044
VL - 19
SP - 56
EP - 86
JO - Journal of Neurolinguistics
JF - Journal of Neurolinguistics
IS - 1
ER -