@article{c935fdd4e36b4016ac3e7d5e13c30ce4,
title = "Increased risk of depression in non-depressed HIV infected men with sleep disturbance: Prospective findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study",
abstract = "Objective: Sleep disturbance is a known risk factor for depression, but it is not known whether sleep disturbance contributes to greater risk of depression in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) as compared to those uninfected with HIV (HIV-). Methods: Using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a population-based prospective study of men who have sex with men (MSM), self-reported sleep disturbance (>2 weeks) and depressive symptoms (Clinical Epidemiologic Scale for Depression, CES-D) were assessed every 6 months over 12 years of follow-up. Adjusted mixed effects logistic regression analyses tested whether sleep disturbance predicted depression (CES-D ≥ 16) at the immediate subsequent visit, and so on over 12 years, in non-depressed HIV+(N = 1054; 9556 person-visits) and non-depressed HIV- (N = 1217; 12,680 person-visits). In HIV+ vs. HIV- MSM, linearly estimated average incidence of depression and normalized cumulative rate of depression over 12 years were compared. Results: In the HIV+ MSM, sleep disturbance was associated with a significant increase in depression 6 months later (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.30, 1.96), which was significantly greater (P <.05) than in HIV- MSM (OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.94, 1.44). HIV status and sleep disturbance interacted (P <.001), such that incidence of depression and normalized cumulative rate of depression were greater in HIV+ with sleep disturbance than in HIV+ without sleep disturbance and HIV- groups (all P's < 0.001). Conclusions: HIV+ persons who report sleep disturbance represent a high risk group to be monitored for depression, and possibly targeted for insomnia treatment to prevent depression. Fund: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.",
keywords = "Depression, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Inflammation, Insomnia, Sleep disturbance",
author = "Irwin, {Michael R.} and Gemma Archer and Richard Olmstead and Brown, {Todd T.} and Teplin, {Linda A.} and Patel, {Sanjay R.} and Abraham, {Alison G.} and Breen, {Elizabeth C.}",
note = "Funding Information: Data in this manuscript were collected by the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). The MACS is funded primarily by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (grants U01-AI35039, U01-AI35040, U01-AI35041, U01-AI35042, and UM1-AI35043), with additional co-funding from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The MACS website is located at http://aidscohortstudy.org/. Funding for these analyses was provided by the Los Angeles MACS site (R. Detels, O. Martinez-Maza, O. Yang, PIs), U01-AI35040. GA is funded by a UK Economic and Social Research Council scholarship. Dr. Patel has received grant funding through his institution from the American Sleep Medicine Foundation, the ResMed Foundation, and Bayer Pharmaceuticals. Funding Information: Data in this manuscript were collected by the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). The MACS is funded primarily by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (grants U01-AI35039 , U01-AI35040 , U01-AI35041 , U01-AI35042 , and UM1-AI35043 ), with additional co-funding from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The MACS website is located at http://aidscohortstudy.org /. Funding for these analyses was provided by the Los Angeles MACS site (R. Detels, O. Martinez-Maza, O. Yang, PIs), U01-AI35040 . GA is funded by a UK Economic and Social Research Council scholarship. Dr. Patel has received grant funding through his institution from the American Sleep Medicine Foundation , the ResMed Foundation , and Bayer Pharmaceuticals . Funding Information: Dr. Patel reports grants from the American Sleep Medicine Foundation, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, and Philips Respironics, outside the submitted work. None of the other authors report any conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Authors",
year = "2018",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.028",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "36",
pages = "454--460",
journal = "EBioMedicine",
issn = "2352-3964",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}