@article{f880b6d88bef40f5be187f1370bf25fc,
title = "Increased macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 in cerebrospinal fluid precedes and predicts simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis",
abstract = "Macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) may be a key trigger for the influx of macrophages into the brain in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalitis. In this study, simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques that developed moderate-to-severe encephalitis had significantly higher MCP-1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than in plasma as early as 28 days after inoculation, which was before the development of brain lesions. In contrast, CSF: plasma MCP-1 ratios remained constant at preinoculation levels in macaques that developed minimal or no encephalitis. Abundant MCP-1 protein and mRNA were detected in both macrophages and astrocytes in the brain. Macaques with increased MCP-1 in CSF had significantly greater expression of markers of macrophage and microglia activation and infiltration (CD68; P=.003) and astrocyte activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein; P=.019 and P=.031 in white and gray matter, respectively). The results suggest that the CSF: plasma MCP-1 ratio may be a valuable prognostic marker for the development of HIV-induced central nervous system disease.",
author = "Zink, {M. Christine} and Coleman, {Gary D.} and Mankowski, {Joseph L.} and Adams, {Robert J.} and Tarwater, {Patrick M.} and Kelly Fox and Clements, {Janice E.}",
note = "Funding Information: In an article in the 15 October 2001 issue of the Journal (Zink MC, Coleman GD, Mankowski JL, et al. Increased macrophage chemoattractant protein–1 in cerebrospinal fluid precedes and predicts simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. J Infect Dis 2001;184:1015–21), the following should In an article in the 15 November 2001 issue of the Journal (Walzer PD, Ashbaugh A, Collins M, Cushion MT. Anti– human immunodeficiency virus drugs are ineffective against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo. J Infect Dis 2001; In an article in the 15 May 2002 issue of the Journal (Skow-ronski DM, De Serres G, MacDonald D, et al. The changing age and seasonal profile of pertussis in Canada. J Infect Dis 2002;185:1448–53), there are errors in the legend and panel B of figure 2. The first sentence of the legend should read “Pro- have been included in the financial support footnote: National Institute of Mental Health (MH-61187) and National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-35751, NS-36911, and NS-35334).",
year = "2001",
month = oct,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1086/323478",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "184",
pages = "1015--1021",
journal = "Journal of Infectious Diseases",
issn = "0022-1899",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "8",
}