Improved dynamic cardiac phantom based on 4D NURBS and tagged MRI

W. Paul Segars; David S. Lalush; Eric C. Frey; Dinesh Manocha; Michael A. King; Benjamin M.W. Tsui

doi:10.1109/TNS.2009.2016196

Improved dynamic cardiac phantom based on 4D NURBS and tagged MRI

W. Paul Segars, David S. Lalush, Eric C. Frey, Dinesh Manocha, Michael A. King, Benjamin M.W. Tsui

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

We previously developed a realistic phantom for the cardiac motion for use in medical imaging research. The phantom was based upon a gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cardiac study and using 4D non-uniform rational b-splines (NURBS). Using the gated MRI study as the basis for the cardiac model had its limitations. From the MRI images, the change in the size and geometry of the heart structures could be obtained, but without markers to track the movement of points on or within the myocardium, no explicit time correspondence could be established for the structures. Also, only the inner and outer surfaces of the myocardium could be modeled. We enhance this phantom of the beating heart using 4D tagged MRI data. We utilize NURBS surfaces to analyze the full 3D motion of the heart from the tagged data. From this analysis, time-dependent 3D NURBS surfaces were created for the right (RV) and left ventricles (LV). Models for the atria were developed separately since the tagged data only covered the ventricles. A 4D NURBS surface was fit to the 3D surfaces of the heart creating time-continuous 4D NURBS models. Multiple 4D surfaces were created for the left ventricle (LV) spanning its entire volume. The multiple surfaces for the LV were spline-interpolated about an additional dimension, thickness, creating a 4D NURBS solid model for the LV with the ability to represent the motion of any point within the volume of the LV myocardium at any time during the cardiac cycle. Our analysis of the tagged data was found to produce accurate models for the RV and LV at each time frame. In a comparison with segmented structures from the tagged dataset, LV and RV surface predictions were found to vary by a maximum of 1.5 mm's and 3.4 mm's respectively. The errors can be attributed to the tag spacing in the data (7.97 mm's). The new cardiac model was incorporated into the 4D NURBS-based Cardiac-Torso (NCAT) phantom widely used in imaging research. With its enhanced abilities, the model will provide a useful tool in the study of cardiac imaging and the effects of cardiac motion in medical images.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	5280500
Pages (from-to)	2728-2738
Number of pages	11
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Volume	56
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2009.2016196
State	Published - Oct 2009
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Cardiac
Medical imaging
Phantom
Simulation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Nuclear Energy and Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Access to Document

10.1109/TNS.2009.2016196

Cite this

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title = "Improved dynamic cardiac phantom based on 4D NURBS and tagged MRI",

abstract = "We previously developed a realistic phantom for the cardiac motion for use in medical imaging research. The phantom was based upon a gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cardiac study and using 4D non-uniform rational b-splines (NURBS). Using the gated MRI study as the basis for the cardiac model had its limitations. From the MRI images, the change in the size and geometry of the heart structures could be obtained, but without markers to track the movement of points on or within the myocardium, no explicit time correspondence could be established for the structures. Also, only the inner and outer surfaces of the myocardium could be modeled. We enhance this phantom of the beating heart using 4D tagged MRI data. We utilize NURBS surfaces to analyze the full 3D motion of the heart from the tagged data. From this analysis, time-dependent 3D NURBS surfaces were created for the right (RV) and left ventricles (LV). Models for the atria were developed separately since the tagged data only covered the ventricles. A 4D NURBS surface was fit to the 3D surfaces of the heart creating time-continuous 4D NURBS models. Multiple 4D surfaces were created for the left ventricle (LV) spanning its entire volume. The multiple surfaces for the LV were spline-interpolated about an additional dimension, thickness, creating a 4D NURBS solid model for the LV with the ability to represent the motion of any point within the volume of the LV myocardium at any time during the cardiac cycle. Our analysis of the tagged data was found to produce accurate models for the RV and LV at each time frame. In a comparison with segmented structures from the tagged dataset, LV and RV surface predictions were found to vary by a maximum of 1.5 mm's and 3.4 mm's respectively. The errors can be attributed to the tag spacing in the data (7.97 mm's). The new cardiac model was incorporated into the 4D NURBS-based Cardiac-Torso (NCAT) phantom widely used in imaging research. With its enhanced abilities, the model will provide a useful tool in the study of cardiac imaging and the effects of cardiac motion in medical images.",

keywords = "Cardiac, Medical imaging, Phantom, Simulation",

author = "Segars, {W. Paul} and Lalush, {David S.} and Frey, {Eric C.} and Dinesh Manocha and King, {Michael A.} and Tsui, {Benjamin M.W.}",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received January 30, 2008; revised June 25, 2008. Current version published October 07, 2009. This work was supported by Grants EB00168 and EB001838 from the National Institutes of Health. W. P. Segars is with the Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA. D. S. Lalush is with the Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA and also with the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. E. C. Frey and B. M. W. Tsui are with the Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287-0859 USA. D. Manocha is with the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3175 USA. M. A. King is with the Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TNS.2009.2016196",

year = "2009",

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doi = "10.1109/TNS.2009.2016196",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "56",

pages = "2728--2738",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science",

issn = "0018-9499",

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T1 - Improved dynamic cardiac phantom based on 4D NURBS and tagged MRI

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AU - Lalush, David S.

AU - Frey, Eric C.

AU - Manocha, Dinesh

AU - King, Michael A.

AU - Tsui, Benjamin M.W.

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received January 30, 2008; revised June 25, 2008. Current version published October 07, 2009. This work was supported by Grants EB00168 and EB001838 from the National Institutes of Health. W. P. Segars is with the Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA. D. S. Lalush is with the Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA and also with the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. E. C. Frey and B. M. W. Tsui are with the Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287-0859 USA. D. Manocha is with the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3175 USA. M. A. King is with the Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TNS.2009.2016196

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N2 - We previously developed a realistic phantom for the cardiac motion for use in medical imaging research. The phantom was based upon a gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cardiac study and using 4D non-uniform rational b-splines (NURBS). Using the gated MRI study as the basis for the cardiac model had its limitations. From the MRI images, the change in the size and geometry of the heart structures could be obtained, but without markers to track the movement of points on or within the myocardium, no explicit time correspondence could be established for the structures. Also, only the inner and outer surfaces of the myocardium could be modeled. We enhance this phantom of the beating heart using 4D tagged MRI data. We utilize NURBS surfaces to analyze the full 3D motion of the heart from the tagged data. From this analysis, time-dependent 3D NURBS surfaces were created for the right (RV) and left ventricles (LV). Models for the atria were developed separately since the tagged data only covered the ventricles. A 4D NURBS surface was fit to the 3D surfaces of the heart creating time-continuous 4D NURBS models. Multiple 4D surfaces were created for the left ventricle (LV) spanning its entire volume. The multiple surfaces for the LV were spline-interpolated about an additional dimension, thickness, creating a 4D NURBS solid model for the LV with the ability to represent the motion of any point within the volume of the LV myocardium at any time during the cardiac cycle. Our analysis of the tagged data was found to produce accurate models for the RV and LV at each time frame. In a comparison with segmented structures from the tagged dataset, LV and RV surface predictions were found to vary by a maximum of 1.5 mm's and 3.4 mm's respectively. The errors can be attributed to the tag spacing in the data (7.97 mm's). The new cardiac model was incorporated into the 4D NURBS-based Cardiac-Torso (NCAT) phantom widely used in imaging research. With its enhanced abilities, the model will provide a useful tool in the study of cardiac imaging and the effects of cardiac motion in medical images.

AB - We previously developed a realistic phantom for the cardiac motion for use in medical imaging research. The phantom was based upon a gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cardiac study and using 4D non-uniform rational b-splines (NURBS). Using the gated MRI study as the basis for the cardiac model had its limitations. From the MRI images, the change in the size and geometry of the heart structures could be obtained, but without markers to track the movement of points on or within the myocardium, no explicit time correspondence could be established for the structures. Also, only the inner and outer surfaces of the myocardium could be modeled. We enhance this phantom of the beating heart using 4D tagged MRI data. We utilize NURBS surfaces to analyze the full 3D motion of the heart from the tagged data. From this analysis, time-dependent 3D NURBS surfaces were created for the right (RV) and left ventricles (LV). Models for the atria were developed separately since the tagged data only covered the ventricles. A 4D NURBS surface was fit to the 3D surfaces of the heart creating time-continuous 4D NURBS models. Multiple 4D surfaces were created for the left ventricle (LV) spanning its entire volume. The multiple surfaces for the LV were spline-interpolated about an additional dimension, thickness, creating a 4D NURBS solid model for the LV with the ability to represent the motion of any point within the volume of the LV myocardium at any time during the cardiac cycle. Our analysis of the tagged data was found to produce accurate models for the RV and LV at each time frame. In a comparison with segmented structures from the tagged dataset, LV and RV surface predictions were found to vary by a maximum of 1.5 mm's and 3.4 mm's respectively. The errors can be attributed to the tag spacing in the data (7.97 mm's). The new cardiac model was incorporated into the 4D NURBS-based Cardiac-Torso (NCAT) phantom widely used in imaging research. With its enhanced abilities, the model will provide a useful tool in the study of cardiac imaging and the effects of cardiac motion in medical images.

KW - Cardiac

KW - Medical imaging

KW - Phantom

KW - Simulation

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Improved dynamic cardiac phantom based on 4D NURBS and tagged MRI

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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