@article{20b7f8adac8e41bebdc93e882df7b663,
title = "Immunoengineering has arrived",
abstract = "Immunoengineering is a new discipline that creates and applies engineering tools and principles to investigate and modulate the immune system. It spans from the molecular scale to the scale of populations and is critically important in both health and disease. This perspective discusses the rapid development of immunoengineering as a field, including advances to research and education. On the research side, immunoengineering is poised to revolutionize technologies for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical devices, among others. Immunoengineering is shown to unlock new tools for biomedical discovery and innovation and has the potential to safely and effectively treat myriad diseases, from cancer to infectious diseases to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diseases in novel ways. On the educational side, it is described how immunoengineering centers and educational focus areas are being created at leading universities. Furthermore, data are presented to show how grant agencies are making major investments into the field and high-impact research and translational biotechnologies are being developed.",
keywords = "biomaterials, biomedical engineering, education, immunoengineering, immunology",
author = "Green, {Jordan J.}",
note = "Funding Information: Externally funded research and education initiatives from investigators at universities in the United States have also increased in parallel with this growth. For example, at the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), the Division of Discovery Science & Technology (Bioengineering) has a Program Area in “Technologies for Immunoengineering” that is led by Program Director David Rampulla. Furthermore, intramurally, the NIBIB has a new “Section on Immunoengineering” led by Investigator Kaitlyn Sadtler. These recent developments demonstrate a long‐term structural interest by the NIH in the field of immunoengineering. Moreover, funded “immunoengineering” projects have been on a steady increase at the NIH over several years (Figure 2 ) and cut across many different NIH institutes (including NCI, NINDS, NIAID, NIGMS, NIAMS, NIA, NIDCR, and NIBIB). The growth is remarkable, as an “immunoengineering” keyword search in NIH Grant Reporter shows that the fiscal year funding has jumped from $0 in 2014 to $30M in funding in 2019, just five short years. This dramatic rise in funding comes due in part due to traditional R01 grants, but also especially due to new multiple investigator grants that bring together leaders from disparate backgrounds to work together in this highly multidisciplinary area. For example, recent large immunoengineering‐related NIH awards include Immunoengineering T32 Training Grants (to Georgia Tech and Cornell University), an Immuno‐engineering to Improve Immunotherapy U54 Center Grant (to the University of Pennsylvania), a P30 Cancer Center Grant (to MIT), and an Immunoengineering P41 Biomedical Technology Research Resource Grant (to Johns Hopkins University). This new funding can critically catalyze the growth of this research field, leading to translational impact. Funding Information: Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, Grant/Award Numbers: 1‐PNF‐2019‐782‐S‐B, 1‐INO‐2020‐923‐A‐N; National Cancer Institute, Grant/Award Number: R01CA228133; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Grant/Award Number: P41EB028239 Funding information Funding Information: J.J.G. thanks the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB028239) and the National Cancer Institute (R01CA228133) of the NIH, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (1‐PNF‐2019‐782‐S‐B and 1‐INO‐2020‐923‐A‐N), and the Bloomberg‐Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins for support. Funding Information: J.J.G. thanks the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB028239) and the National Cancer Institute (R01CA228133) of the NIH, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (1-PNF-2019-782-S-B and 1-INO-2020-923-A-N), and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins for support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC",
year = "2021",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1002/jbm.a.37041",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "109",
pages = "397--403",
journal = "Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A",
issn = "0021-9304",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "4",
}