TY - JOUR
T1 - Hybrid lipids, peptides, and lymphocytes
T2 - New era in type 1 diabetes research
AU - Hamad, Abdel Rahim A.
AU - Sadasivam, Mohanraj
AU - Rabb, Hamid
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are supported by NIH grants R01-DK104662 and R0 AI099027.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, American Society for Clinical Investigation.
PY - 2019/9/3
Y1 - 2019/9/3
N2 - Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells in islets of Langerhans. Many genetic and immunological insights into autoimmune disease pathogenesis were initially uncovered in the context of T1D and facilitated by preclinical studies using the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Recently, the study of T1D has led to the discovery of fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids (FAHFAs), which are naturally occurring hybrid peptides that modulate inflammation and diabetes pathogenesis, and a hybrid lymphocyte that expresses both B and T cell receptors. Palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs) are the most extensively studied FAHFA. In this issue of the JCI, Syed et al. have shown that PAHSAs both attenuate autoimmune responses and promote β cell survival in NOD mice. Given the lack of effective T1D therapies and the paucity of known side effects of PAHSAs, this lipid may have therapeutic potential for individuals at risk for or newly diagnosed with T1D.
AB - Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells in islets of Langerhans. Many genetic and immunological insights into autoimmune disease pathogenesis were initially uncovered in the context of T1D and facilitated by preclinical studies using the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Recently, the study of T1D has led to the discovery of fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids (FAHFAs), which are naturally occurring hybrid peptides that modulate inflammation and diabetes pathogenesis, and a hybrid lymphocyte that expresses both B and T cell receptors. Palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs) are the most extensively studied FAHFA. In this issue of the JCI, Syed et al. have shown that PAHSAs both attenuate autoimmune responses and promote β cell survival in NOD mice. Given the lack of effective T1D therapies and the paucity of known side effects of PAHSAs, this lipid may have therapeutic potential for individuals at risk for or newly diagnosed with T1D.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071153171&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85071153171&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1172/JCI130313
DO - 10.1172/JCI130313
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31380812
AN - SCOPUS:85071153171
SN - 0021-9738
VL - 129
SP - 3527
EP - 3529
JO - Journal of Clinical Investigation
JF - Journal of Clinical Investigation
IS - 9
ER -