HIV and Global Cardiovascular Health

Purpose of Review: Because of effective combination antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer but developing chronic age-related conditions including cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death globally. This review aims to discuss the epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical considerations of CVD in PLWH from a global perspective. Recent Findings: PLWH are at greater risk for CVD at chronologically younger ages than those without HIV. Potential underlying mechanisms for CVD in PLWH include systemic inflammation, comorbidities, immune-mediated, or treatment-related mechanisms. There is also risk factor variation based on geographical location, including non-traditional CVD risk factors. Summary: CVD is prevalent in PLWH and increasing on a global scale. Further understanding the unique epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment of CVD in this population will improve the care of PLWH.