TY - JOUR
T1 - HIV among black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States
T2 - A review of the literature
AU - Maulsby, Cathy
AU - Millett, Greg
AU - Lindsey, Kali
AU - Kelley, Robin
AU - Johnson, Kim
AU - Montoya, Daniel
AU - Holtgrave, David
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge Dr. David Malebranche for contributing important intellectual content and critical review for this manuscript. This study was supported by contracts to The Johns Hopkins University from the National Minority AIDS Council (NMAC) (http://www.nmac.org/). NMAC had no role in study design, data collection or analysis. NMAC reviewed the interpretation of the data and provided suggested edits to a draft of the manuscript. Edits were accepted at the sole discretion of JHU.
PY - 2014/1
Y1 - 2014/1
N2 - In 2006, Millett published a seminal literature review that examined 12 hypotheses to explain the high rates of HIV among black MSM. This paper augments Millett's article by reviewing the recent literature on behavioral, biomedical, structural, social contextual, psychosocial, and social network factors that affect HIV rates among black MSM. We searched three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. First we searched all articles that included black or African American and MSM and HIV. We then searched the following terms for each area: Behavioral (drug use during sex, crack cocaine use, and serosorting); biomedical (circumcision, STDs, and STIs); structural (access to care, HIV care, ART, HAART, patient-provider communication, HIV quality of care); social contextual (stigma, discrimination, internalized homophobia, internalized heterosexism, medical mistrust, social isolation, and incarceration); psychosocial (peer support and mental health); and social network (sexual mixing, partner characteristics, and social networks) factors. We identified 39 articles to include in this review. We found inconclusive evidence that incarceration, stigma, discrimination, social isolation, mental health disparities, or social networks explain the elevated rates of HIV among black MSM. We found evidence that the differences in rates of HIV between black and white MSM may be explained by differences in STIs, undiagnosed seropositivity, access to care and treatment services, and use of HAART. There is an overwhelming need for HIV testing, linkage to care, retention in care, and adherence programs for black MSM.
AB - In 2006, Millett published a seminal literature review that examined 12 hypotheses to explain the high rates of HIV among black MSM. This paper augments Millett's article by reviewing the recent literature on behavioral, biomedical, structural, social contextual, psychosocial, and social network factors that affect HIV rates among black MSM. We searched three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. First we searched all articles that included black or African American and MSM and HIV. We then searched the following terms for each area: Behavioral (drug use during sex, crack cocaine use, and serosorting); biomedical (circumcision, STDs, and STIs); structural (access to care, HIV care, ART, HAART, patient-provider communication, HIV quality of care); social contextual (stigma, discrimination, internalized homophobia, internalized heterosexism, medical mistrust, social isolation, and incarceration); psychosocial (peer support and mental health); and social network (sexual mixing, partner characteristics, and social networks) factors. We identified 39 articles to include in this review. We found inconclusive evidence that incarceration, stigma, discrimination, social isolation, mental health disparities, or social networks explain the elevated rates of HIV among black MSM. We found evidence that the differences in rates of HIV between black and white MSM may be explained by differences in STIs, undiagnosed seropositivity, access to care and treatment services, and use of HAART. There is an overwhelming need for HIV testing, linkage to care, retention in care, and adherence programs for black MSM.
KW - Black men who have sex with men
KW - HIV
KW - HIV/AIDS
KW - Health disparity
KW - Men who have sex with men
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84892785531&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1007/s10461-013-0476-2
DO - 10.1007/s10461-013-0476-2
M3 - Review article
C2 - 23620241
AN - SCOPUS:84892785531
VL - 18
SP - 10
EP - 25
JO - AIDS and Behavior
JF - AIDS and Behavior
SN - 1090-7165
IS - 1
ER -