TY - JOUR
T1 - History of Incarceration among Women with HIV
T2 - Impact on Prognosis and Mortality
AU - Cohen, Mardge H.
AU - Weber, Kathleen M.
AU - Lancki, Nicola
AU - Gange, Stephen J.
AU - Plankey, Michael
AU - Philbin, Morgan M.
AU - Milam, Joel
AU - Admora, Adaora A.
AU - Kempf, Mirjam Colette
AU - Holman, Susan
AU - Cohen, Jennifer
AU - Foster, Antonina
AU - Sosanya, Oluwakemi
AU - Evans, Charlesnika T.
N1 - Funding Information:
Data in this article were collected by the WIHS. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). WIHS (Principal Investigators): UAB-MS WIHS (Mirjam-Colette Kempf and Deborah Konkle-Parker), U01-AI-103401; Atlanta WIHS (Ighov-werha Ofotokun and Gina Wingood), U01-AI-103408; Bronx WIHS (Kathryn Anastos), U01-AI-035004; Brooklyn WIHS (Howard Minkoff and Deborah Gustafson), U01-AI-031834; Chicago WIHS (Mardge Cohen and Audrey French), U01-AI-034993; Metropolitan Washington WIHS (Seble Kassaye), U01-AI-034994; Miami WIHS (Margaret Fischl and Lisa Metsch), U01-AI-103397; UNC WIHS (Adaora Adimora), U01-AI-103390; Connie Wofsy Women’s HIV Study, Northern California (Ruth Greenblatt, Bradley Aouizerat, and Phyllis Tien), U01-AI-034989; WIHS Data Management and Analysis Center (Stephen Gange and Elizabeth Golub), U01-AI-042590; Southern California WIHS ( Joel Milam), U01-HD-032632 (WIHS I–WIHS IV). The WIHS is funded primarily by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), with additional co-funding from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute on Mental Health (NIMH). Targeted supplemental funding for specific projects is also provided by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), and the NIH Office of Research on Women’s Health. WIHS data collection is also supported by UL1-TR000004 (UCSF CTSA), UL1-TR000454 (Atlanta CTSA), and P30-AI-050410 (UNC CFAR).
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2019, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.
PY - 2019/8
Y1 - 2019/8
N2 - Objectives: To identify factors associated with incarceration among women and examine the relationship between incarceration and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related outcomes. Materials and Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data from 3324 women (2372 with HIV and 952 uninfected) from 2007 to 2016 in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a U.S. cohort of women with and without HIV. Lifetime history of incarceration before first study visit was used as the outcome and then as a predictor for HIV outcomes and mortality. Using multivariable models, we assessed associations between socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics and incarceration, and between incarceration and HIV outcomes, including mortality. Results: Overall, 1256 (38%) of women reported ever being incarcerated. Women who had a history of drug use had a 44% greater prevalence of incarceration compared with those who did not use drugs. Sexual minority women and women who experienced physical and sexual abuse had a 47% and 28%, respectively, greater prevalence of incarceration than heterosexual women and those not abused. For the 862 women with HIV and a history of incarceration, having an incarceration history was independently associated with less viral suppression (adjusted prevalence ratios = 0.95; confidence intervals [CI]:0.90-1.00 p = 0.04) and higher likelihood of death (adjusted hazard ratios = 1.39; CI:1.04-1.86 p = 0.03). Conclusions: Incarceration is common in this cohort and may put women with HIV at increased odds of worse HIV outcomes and mortality than those without a history of incarceration. Addressing the intersecting epidemics of HIV, substance use, and incarceration by providing needed treatment and resources and avoiding criminalization may improve health outcomes in vulnerable women with HIV.
AB - Objectives: To identify factors associated with incarceration among women and examine the relationship between incarceration and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related outcomes. Materials and Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data from 3324 women (2372 with HIV and 952 uninfected) from 2007 to 2016 in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a U.S. cohort of women with and without HIV. Lifetime history of incarceration before first study visit was used as the outcome and then as a predictor for HIV outcomes and mortality. Using multivariable models, we assessed associations between socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics and incarceration, and between incarceration and HIV outcomes, including mortality. Results: Overall, 1256 (38%) of women reported ever being incarcerated. Women who had a history of drug use had a 44% greater prevalence of incarceration compared with those who did not use drugs. Sexual minority women and women who experienced physical and sexual abuse had a 47% and 28%, respectively, greater prevalence of incarceration than heterosexual women and those not abused. For the 862 women with HIV and a history of incarceration, having an incarceration history was independently associated with less viral suppression (adjusted prevalence ratios = 0.95; confidence intervals [CI]:0.90-1.00 p = 0.04) and higher likelihood of death (adjusted hazard ratios = 1.39; CI:1.04-1.86 p = 0.03). Conclusions: Incarceration is common in this cohort and may put women with HIV at increased odds of worse HIV outcomes and mortality than those without a history of incarceration. Addressing the intersecting epidemics of HIV, substance use, and incarceration by providing needed treatment and resources and avoiding criminalization may improve health outcomes in vulnerable women with HIV.
KW - HIV
KW - incarceration
KW - mortality
KW - women
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U2 - 10.1089/jwh.2018.7454
DO - 10.1089/jwh.2018.7454
M3 - Article
C2 - 31099696
AN - SCOPUS:85070717754
SN - 1540-9996
VL - 28
SP - 1083
EP - 1093
JO - Journal of Women's Health
JF - Journal of Women's Health
IS - 8
ER -