TY - JOUR
T1 - Hippocampal N-acetyl aspartate in unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia
T2 - A possible intermediate neurobiological phenotype
AU - Callicott, Joseph H.
AU - Egan, Michael F.
AU - Bertolino, Alessandro
AU - Mattay, Venkata S.
AU - Langheim, Frederick J.P.
AU - Frank, Joseph A.
AU - Weinberger, Daniel R.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1998/11/15
Y1 - 1998/11/15
N2 - Background: Shared neurobiological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and their siblings may represent 'intermediate phenotypes' that may more closely reflect the genetic susceptibility underlying this illness. We sought evidence of such phenotypes using magnetic resonance spectroscopy based on previously described regional abnormalities in levels of the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the hippocampal area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We studied 47 schizophrenics, 60 unaffected siblings, and 66 healthy control subjects with long echo time multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, primarily measuring NAA, creatine plus phosphocreatine (CRE), and choline-containing compounds. Results: Both patients and their unaffected siblings had significant reductions in hippocampal area NAA/CRE as compared with control subjects. As exploratory analyses, estimates of heritability were performed. Although quantitative correlation of hippocampal NAA between patients and sibs was low (likely reflecting measurement noise), qualitatively defined 'low hippocampal NAA/CRE phenotypes' yielded relative risk estimates (λ(s)) of between 3.8 and 8.8, suggesting this characteristic is heritable. Conclusions: Our finding adds to the evidence that hippocampal abnormalities are associated with schizophrenia and may represent a novel biological phenotype for genetic studies of schizophrenia.
AB - Background: Shared neurobiological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and their siblings may represent 'intermediate phenotypes' that may more closely reflect the genetic susceptibility underlying this illness. We sought evidence of such phenotypes using magnetic resonance spectroscopy based on previously described regional abnormalities in levels of the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the hippocampal area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We studied 47 schizophrenics, 60 unaffected siblings, and 66 healthy control subjects with long echo time multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, primarily measuring NAA, creatine plus phosphocreatine (CRE), and choline-containing compounds. Results: Both patients and their unaffected siblings had significant reductions in hippocampal area NAA/CRE as compared with control subjects. As exploratory analyses, estimates of heritability were performed. Although quantitative correlation of hippocampal NAA between patients and sibs was low (likely reflecting measurement noise), qualitatively defined 'low hippocampal NAA/CRE phenotypes' yielded relative risk estimates (λ(s)) of between 3.8 and 8.8, suggesting this characteristic is heritable. Conclusions: Our finding adds to the evidence that hippocampal abnormalities are associated with schizophrenia and may represent a novel biological phenotype for genetic studies of schizophrenia.
KW - Endophenotype
KW - Glutamate
KW - Prefrontal
KW - Schizophrenia
KW - Sibling
KW - Spectroscopy
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U2 - 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00264-9
DO - 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00264-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 9821558
AN - SCOPUS:0032533636
SN - 0006-3223
VL - 44
SP - 941
EP - 950
JO - Biological psychiatry
JF - Biological psychiatry
IS - 10
ER -