Abstract
The electrochemical mineralization of environmentally persistent long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), i.e., perfluorononanoic acid (C 8F17COOH, PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (C 9F19COOH, PFDA) was investigated in aqueous solutions (0.25 mmol L-1) over Ti/SnO2-Sb-Ce (SnO2), Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2 (PbO2), and Ti/BDD (BDD) anodes under galvanostatic control at room temperature. Based on PFCA decay rate, total organic carbon (TOC) reduction, defluorination ratio, safety, and energy consumption, the performance of PbO2 electrode was comparable with that of BDD electrode. After 180 min electrolysis, the PFNA removals on BDD and PbO2 electrodes were 98.7 ± 0.4% and 97.1 ± 1.0%, respectively, while the corresponding PFDA removals were 96.0 ± 1.4% and 92.2 ± 1.9%. SnO2 electrode yielded lower PFCA removals and led to notable secondary pollution by Sb ions. The primary mineralization product, F-, as well as trace amounts of intermediate PFCAs with shortened chain lengths, were detected in aqueous solution after electrolysis. On the basis of these results, a degradation mechanism including three potential routes is proposed: via formation of short-chain PFCAs by stepwise removal of CF2; direct mineralization to CO2 and HF; conversion to volatile fluorinated organic compounds. The results presented here demonstrate that electrochemical technique exhibits high efficiency in mineralizing PFNA and PFDA under mild conditions, and is promising for the treatment of long-chain PFCAs in wastewater.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 13039-13046 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Environmental Science and Technology |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue number | 22 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 19 2013 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Chemistry(all)
- Environmental Chemistry
- Medicine(all)
Cite this
Highly efficient and mild electrochemical mineralization of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (C9-C10) by Ti/SnO2-Sb-Ce, Ti/SnO 2-Sb/Ce-PbO2, and Ti/BDD electrodes. / Lin, Hui; Niu, Junfeng; Xu, Jiale; Huang, Haiou; Li, Duo; Yue, Zhihan; Feng, Chenghong.
In: Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 47, No. 22, 19.11.2013, p. 13039-13046.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Highly efficient and mild electrochemical mineralization of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (C9-C10) by Ti/SnO2-Sb-Ce, Ti/SnO 2-Sb/Ce-PbO2, and Ti/BDD electrodes
AU - Lin, Hui
AU - Niu, Junfeng
AU - Xu, Jiale
AU - Huang, Haiou
AU - Li, Duo
AU - Yue, Zhihan
AU - Feng, Chenghong
PY - 2013/11/19
Y1 - 2013/11/19
N2 - The electrochemical mineralization of environmentally persistent long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), i.e., perfluorononanoic acid (C 8F17COOH, PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (C 9F19COOH, PFDA) was investigated in aqueous solutions (0.25 mmol L-1) over Ti/SnO2-Sb-Ce (SnO2), Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2 (PbO2), and Ti/BDD (BDD) anodes under galvanostatic control at room temperature. Based on PFCA decay rate, total organic carbon (TOC) reduction, defluorination ratio, safety, and energy consumption, the performance of PbO2 electrode was comparable with that of BDD electrode. After 180 min electrolysis, the PFNA removals on BDD and PbO2 electrodes were 98.7 ± 0.4% and 97.1 ± 1.0%, respectively, while the corresponding PFDA removals were 96.0 ± 1.4% and 92.2 ± 1.9%. SnO2 electrode yielded lower PFCA removals and led to notable secondary pollution by Sb ions. The primary mineralization product, F-, as well as trace amounts of intermediate PFCAs with shortened chain lengths, were detected in aqueous solution after electrolysis. On the basis of these results, a degradation mechanism including three potential routes is proposed: via formation of short-chain PFCAs by stepwise removal of CF2; direct mineralization to CO2 and HF; conversion to volatile fluorinated organic compounds. The results presented here demonstrate that electrochemical technique exhibits high efficiency in mineralizing PFNA and PFDA under mild conditions, and is promising for the treatment of long-chain PFCAs in wastewater.
AB - The electrochemical mineralization of environmentally persistent long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), i.e., perfluorononanoic acid (C 8F17COOH, PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (C 9F19COOH, PFDA) was investigated in aqueous solutions (0.25 mmol L-1) over Ti/SnO2-Sb-Ce (SnO2), Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2 (PbO2), and Ti/BDD (BDD) anodes under galvanostatic control at room temperature. Based on PFCA decay rate, total organic carbon (TOC) reduction, defluorination ratio, safety, and energy consumption, the performance of PbO2 electrode was comparable with that of BDD electrode. After 180 min electrolysis, the PFNA removals on BDD and PbO2 electrodes were 98.7 ± 0.4% and 97.1 ± 1.0%, respectively, while the corresponding PFDA removals were 96.0 ± 1.4% and 92.2 ± 1.9%. SnO2 electrode yielded lower PFCA removals and led to notable secondary pollution by Sb ions. The primary mineralization product, F-, as well as trace amounts of intermediate PFCAs with shortened chain lengths, were detected in aqueous solution after electrolysis. On the basis of these results, a degradation mechanism including three potential routes is proposed: via formation of short-chain PFCAs by stepwise removal of CF2; direct mineralization to CO2 and HF; conversion to volatile fluorinated organic compounds. The results presented here demonstrate that electrochemical technique exhibits high efficiency in mineralizing PFNA and PFDA under mild conditions, and is promising for the treatment of long-chain PFCAs in wastewater.
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U2 - 10.1021/es4034414
DO - 10.1021/es4034414
M3 - Article
C2 - 24164589
AN - SCOPUS:84888238235
VL - 47
SP - 13039
EP - 13046
JO - Environmental Science & Technology
JF - Environmental Science & Technology
SN - 0013-936X
IS - 22
ER -