@article{b514af274726464e8c5559787ebac7a2,
title = "Hepatitis C virus clearance, reinfection, and persistence, with insights from studies of injecting drug users: Towards a vaccine",
abstract = "Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was discovered more than two decades ago, but progress towards a vaccine has been slow. HCV infection will spontaneously clear in about 25% of people. Studies of spontaneous HCV clearance in chimpanzees and human beings have identified host and viral factors that could be important in the control of HCV infection and the design of HCV vaccines. Although data from studies of chimpanzees suggest that protection against reinfection is possible after spontaneous clearance, HCV is a human disease. Results from studies of reinfection risk after spontaneous clearance in injecting drug users are conflicting, but some people seem to have protection against HCV persistence. To guide future vaccine development, we assess data from studies of HCV reinfection after spontaneous clearance, discuss flaws in the methods of previous human studies, and suggest essential components for future investigations of control of HCV infection.",
author = "Jason Grebely and Maria Prins and Margaret Hellard and Cox, {Andrea L.} and Osburn, {William O.} and Georg Lauer and Kimberly Page and Lloyd, {Andrew R.} and Dore, {Gregory J.}",
note = "Funding Information: Maria Prins was a Senior Visiting Fellow at the Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia when she drafted parts of the manuscript. We thank Campbell Aitken (Burnet Institute, Australia), Jennifer Evans (University of California San Francisco, USA), Thijs van de Laar (Amsterdam Public Health Service, Netherlands), Bart Grady (Amsterdam Public Health Service, Netherlands), and Charlotte van den Berg (Amsterdam Public Health Service, Netherlands) for assisting with the preparation of data; and Tanya Applegate (Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, Australia) for her constructive comments during the preparation of this report. This report was funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily represent the position of the Australian Government. JG is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellowship. MP was supported by the Public Health Service of Amsterdam. MH was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Researcher Fellowship. ALC and WOO were supported by the US National Institutes of Health (U19 AI040035 and R01 AI077757) , the Damon Runyon Foundation, and the Dana Foundation. GL is supported by the US National Institutes of Health (U19 AI066345 and U19 AI082630) . KP was supported by US National Institutes of Health (5R01DA016017 and 1R01DA031056-01A1) and the UCSF Liver Center (UCSF P30 DK026743) . ARL and GJD were supported by National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowships.",
year = "2012",
month = may,
doi = "10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70010-5",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
pages = "408--414",
journal = "The Lancet Infectious Diseases",
issn = "1473-3099",
publisher = "Lancet Publishing Group",
number = "5",
}