@article{856aae76740b415c9ec94119ef7da453,
title = "Hepatitis C viremia and the risk of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected individuals",
abstract = "Background. The role of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk has not been clarified.Methods. We compared CKD incidence in a large cohort of HIV-infected subjects who were HCV seronegative, HCV viremic (detectable HCV RNA), or HCV aviremic (HCV seropositive, undetectable HCV RNA). Stages 3 and 5 CKD were defined according to standard criteria. Progressive CKD was defined as a sustained 25% glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decrease from baseline to a GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2. We used Cox models to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results. A total of 52 602 HCV seronegative, 9508 HCV viremic, and 913 HCV aviremic subjects were included. Compared with HCV seronegative subjects, HCV viremic subjects were at increased risk for stage 3 CKD (adjusted HR 1.36 [95% CI, 1.26, 1.46]), stage 5 CKD (1.95 [1.64, 2.31]), and progressive CKD (1.31 [1.19, 1.44]), while HCV aviremic subjects were also at increased risk for stage 3 CKD (1.19 [0.98, 1.45]), stage 5 CKD (1.69 [1.07, 2.65]), and progressive CKD (1.31 [1.02, 1.68]).Conclusions. Compared with HIV-infected subjects who were HCV seronegative, both HCV viremic and HCV aviremic individuals were at increased risk for moderate and advanced CKD.",
keywords = "HIV, chronic kidney disease, cohort study, glomerular filtration rate, hepatitis C RNA, hepatitis C virus, injection drug use",
author = "Lucas, {Gregory M.} and Yuezhou Jing and Mark Sulkowski and Abraham, {Alison G.} and Estrella, {Michelle M.} and Atta, {Mohamed G.} and Fine, {Derek M.} and Klein, {Marina B.} and Silverberg, {Michael J.} and Gill, {M. John} and Moore, {Richard D.} and Gebo, {Kelly A.} and Sterling, {Timothy R.} and Butt, {Adeel A.} and Kirk, {Gregory D.} and Benson, {Constance A.} and Bosch, {Ronald J.} and Collier, {Ann C.} and Stephen Boswell and Chris Grasso and Ken Mayer and Hogg, {Robert S.} and Richard Harrigan and Julio Montaner and Angela Cescon and Brooks, {John T.} and Kate Buchacz and Carey, {John T.} and Benigno Rodriguez and Horberg, {Michael A.} and Thorne, {Jennifer E.} and Goedert, {James J.} and Jacobson, {Lisa P.} and Rourke, {Sean B.} and Ann Burchell and Rachlis, {Anita R.} and Puerto Rico and Hunter-Mellado, {Robert F.} and Mayor, {Angel M.} and Deeks, {Steven G.} and Martin, {Jeffrey N.} and Pragna Patel and Saag, {Michael S.} and Mugavero, {Michael J.} and James Willig and Eron, {Joseph J.} and Sonia Napravnik and Kitahata, {Mari M.} and Crane, {Heidi M.} and Justice, {Amy C.} and Robert Dubrow and David Fiellin and David Haas and Sally Bebawy and Megan Turner and Gange, {Stephen J.} and Kathryn Anastos and McKaig, {Rosemary G.} and Freeman, {Aimee M.} and Carol Lent and {Van Rompaey}, {Stephen E.} and Eric Webster and Liz Morton and Brenda Simon and Althoff, {Keri N.} and Bryan Lau and Jinbing Zhang and Jerry Jing and Elizabeth Golub and Shari Modur and Hanna, {David B.} and Peter Rebeiro and Cherise Wong and Adell Mendes",
note = "Funding Information: Financial support. NA-ACCORD is supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH; U01-AI069918). The funding source had no role in data collection, data analysis, or the decision to publish the results. G. M. L. is supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA026770) and by the Johns Hopkins Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI094189). M. M. E. and M. G. A. are supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23 DK081317, P01 DK056492). M. J. S. is supported by the NIAID (K01 AI071725). M. S. is supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24 DA034621, R01 DA016065). Cohorts contributing data to this project are supported by the following grants and contracts: NIH grants U01-AA013566, U01-AI31834, U01-AI34989, U01-AI34993, U01-AI34994, U01-AI35004, U01-HD32632, U01-AI42590, U01-AI38855, U01-AI38858, U01-AI68634, U01-AI68636, U01-AI69432, U01-AI69434, UL1-RR024131, M01-RR000071, M01-RR000079, M01-RR000083, M01-RR025747, N02-CP55504, P30-AI094189, P30-AI27757, P30-AI27767, P30-AI50410, P30-AI54999, P30-AI036219, R01-AA16893, R01-DA04334, R01-DA12568, R01-DA11602, R24-AI067039, K01-AI071725, K24-00432; Canadian Institutes of Health Research grants CBR-86906, CBR-94036, HCP-97105, KRS-86251, TGF-96118; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention contract CDC200-2011-41872; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality contract 290-2011-00007C; and Health Resources and Services Administration contract 250-2012-00008C. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NIH. Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts.",
year = "2013",
month = oct,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1093/infdis/jit373",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "208",
pages = "1240--1249",
journal = "Journal of Infectious Diseases",
issn = "0022-1899",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "8",
}