TY - JOUR
T1 - Hemorrhagic Transformation after Tissue Plasminogen Activator Reperfusion Therapy for Ischemic Stroke
T2 - Mechanisms, Models, and Biomarkers
AU - Wang, Wei
AU - Li, Mingchang
AU - Chen, Qianxue
AU - Wang, Jian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
PY - 2015/12/1
Y1 - 2015/12/1
N2 - Intracerebral hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is well recognized as a common cause of hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke. HT after acute ischemic stroke contributes to early mortality and adversely affects functional recovery. The risk of HT is especially high when patients receive thrombolytic reperfusion therapy with tissue plasminogen activator, the only available treatment for ischemic stroke. Although many important publications address preclinical models of ischemic stroke, there are no current recommendations regarding the conduct of research aimed at understanding the mechanisms and prediction of HT. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms for HT after ischemic stroke, provide an overview of the models commonly used for the study of HT, and discuss biomarkers that might be used for the early detection of this challenging clinical problem.
AB - Intracerebral hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is well recognized as a common cause of hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke. HT after acute ischemic stroke contributes to early mortality and adversely affects functional recovery. The risk of HT is especially high when patients receive thrombolytic reperfusion therapy with tissue plasminogen activator, the only available treatment for ischemic stroke. Although many important publications address preclinical models of ischemic stroke, there are no current recommendations regarding the conduct of research aimed at understanding the mechanisms and prediction of HT. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms for HT after ischemic stroke, provide an overview of the models commonly used for the study of HT, and discuss biomarkers that might be used for the early detection of this challenging clinical problem.
KW - Blood-brain barrier
KW - Hemorrhagic transformation
KW - Ischemic stroke
KW - Tissue plasminogen activator
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U2 - 10.1007/s12035-014-8952-x
DO - 10.1007/s12035-014-8952-x
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25367883
AN - SCOPUS:84942837592
SN - 0893-7648
VL - 52
SP - 1572
EP - 1579
JO - Molecular Neurobiology
JF - Molecular Neurobiology
IS - 3
ER -