TY - JOUR
T1 - HDAC6 rescues neurodegeneration and provides an essential link between autophagy and the UPS
AU - Pandey, Udai Bhan
AU - Nie, Zhiping
AU - Batlevi, Yakup
AU - McCray, Brett A.
AU - Ritson, Gillian P.
AU - Nedelsky, Natalia B.
AU - Schwartz, Stephanie L.
AU - Diprospero, Nicholas A.
AU - Knight, Melanie A.
AU - Schuldiner, Oren
AU - Padmanabhan, Ranjani
AU - Hild, Marc
AU - Berry, Deborah L.
AU - Garza, Dan
AU - Hubbert, Charlotte C.
AU - Yao, Tso Pang
AU - Baehrecke, Eric H.
AU - Taylor, J. Paul
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements We thank the Laboratory for Biological Ultrastructure at the University of Maryland for assistance with SEM, the Biomedical Imaging Core at the University of Pennsylvania for assistance with TEM, J. Belote and K. Takeyama for flies, and R. Kopito for the CL1–GFP construct. Financial support was provided by NIH grants to T.-P.Y., E.H.B. and J.P.T., as well as support from the Morton Reich Research Fund, Kennedy’s Disease Association, and Muscular Dystrophy Association to J.P.T.
PY - 2007/6/14
Y1 - 2007/6/14
N2 - A prominent feature of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases is accumulation of misfolded protein in vulnerable neurons. When levels of misfolded protein overwhelm degradative pathways, the result is cellular toxicity and neurodegeneration. Cellular mechanisms for degrading misfolded protein include the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the main non-lysosomal degradative pathway for ubiquitinated proteins, and autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradative pathway. The UPS and autophagy have long been viewed as complementary degradation systems with no point of intersection. This view has been challenged by two observations suggesting an apparent interaction: impairment of the UPS induces autophagy in vitro, and conditional knockout of autophagy in the mouse brain leads to neurodegeneration with ubiquitin-positive pathology. It is not known whether autophagy is strictly a parallel degradation system, or whether it is a compensatory degradation system when the UPS is impaired; furthermore, if there is a compensatory interaction between these systems, the molecular link is not known. Here we show that autophagy acts as a compensatory degradation system when the UPS is impaired in Drosophila melanogaster, and that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a microtubule-associated deacetylase that interacts with polyubiquitinated proteins, is an essential mechanistic link in this compensatory interaction. We found that compensatory autophagy was induced in response to mutations affecting the proteasome and in response to UPS impairment in a fly model of the neurodegenerative disease spinobulbar muscular atrophy. Autophagy compensated for impaired UPS function in an HDAC6-dependent manner. Furthermore, expression of HDAC6 was sufficient to rescue degeneration associated with UPS dysfunction in vivo in an autophagy-dependent manner. This study suggests that impairment of autophagy (for example, associated with ageing or genetic variation) might predispose to neurodegeneration. Morover, these findings suggest that it may be possible to intervene in neurodegeneration by augmenting HDAC6 to enhance autophagy.
AB - A prominent feature of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases is accumulation of misfolded protein in vulnerable neurons. When levels of misfolded protein overwhelm degradative pathways, the result is cellular toxicity and neurodegeneration. Cellular mechanisms for degrading misfolded protein include the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the main non-lysosomal degradative pathway for ubiquitinated proteins, and autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradative pathway. The UPS and autophagy have long been viewed as complementary degradation systems with no point of intersection. This view has been challenged by two observations suggesting an apparent interaction: impairment of the UPS induces autophagy in vitro, and conditional knockout of autophagy in the mouse brain leads to neurodegeneration with ubiquitin-positive pathology. It is not known whether autophagy is strictly a parallel degradation system, or whether it is a compensatory degradation system when the UPS is impaired; furthermore, if there is a compensatory interaction between these systems, the molecular link is not known. Here we show that autophagy acts as a compensatory degradation system when the UPS is impaired in Drosophila melanogaster, and that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a microtubule-associated deacetylase that interacts with polyubiquitinated proteins, is an essential mechanistic link in this compensatory interaction. We found that compensatory autophagy was induced in response to mutations affecting the proteasome and in response to UPS impairment in a fly model of the neurodegenerative disease spinobulbar muscular atrophy. Autophagy compensated for impaired UPS function in an HDAC6-dependent manner. Furthermore, expression of HDAC6 was sufficient to rescue degeneration associated with UPS dysfunction in vivo in an autophagy-dependent manner. This study suggests that impairment of autophagy (for example, associated with ageing or genetic variation) might predispose to neurodegeneration. Morover, these findings suggest that it may be possible to intervene in neurodegeneration by augmenting HDAC6 to enhance autophagy.
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U2 - 10.1038/nature05853
DO - 10.1038/nature05853
M3 - Article
C2 - 17568747
AN - SCOPUS:34250183177
SN - 0028-0836
VL - 447
SP - 859
EP - 863
JO - Nature
JF - Nature
IS - 7146
ER -