TY - JOUR
T1 - GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation as a molecular biomarker for prostate cancer
AU - Nakayama, Masashi
AU - Gonzalgo, Mark L.
AU - Yegnasubramanian, Srinivasan
AU - Lin, Xiaohui
AU - De Marzo, Angelo M.
AU - Nelson, William G.
PY - 2004
Y1 - 2004
N2 - Somatic hypermethylation of CpG island sequences at CSTP1, the gene encoding the π-class glutathione S-transferase, appears to be characteristic of human prostatic carcinogenesis. To consider the potential utility of this epigenetic alteration as a biomarker for prostate cancer, we present here a comprehensive review of the literature describing somatic GSTP1 changes in DNA from prostate cells and tissues. GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation has been detected in prostate cancer DNA using a variety of assay techniques, including (i) Southern blot analysis (SB), after treatment with 5-mC-sensitive restriction endonucleases, (ii) the polymerase chain reaction, following treatment with 5-mC-sensitive restriction endonucleases (RE-PCR), (iii) bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS), and (iv) bisulfite modification followed by the polymerase chain reaction, using primers selective for target sequences containing 5-mC (MSP). In the majority of the case series so far reported, GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation was present in DNA from at least 90% of prostate cancer cases. When analyses have been carefully conducted, GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation has not been found in DNA from normal prostate tissues, or from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues, though GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation changes have been detected in DNA from candidate prostate cancer precursor lesions proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Using PCR methods, GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation has also been detected in urine, ejaculate, and plasma from men with prostate cancer. GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation, a somatic epigenetic alteration, appears poised to serve as a molecular biomarker useful for prostate cancer screening, detection, and diagnosis.
AB - Somatic hypermethylation of CpG island sequences at CSTP1, the gene encoding the π-class glutathione S-transferase, appears to be characteristic of human prostatic carcinogenesis. To consider the potential utility of this epigenetic alteration as a biomarker for prostate cancer, we present here a comprehensive review of the literature describing somatic GSTP1 changes in DNA from prostate cells and tissues. GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation has been detected in prostate cancer DNA using a variety of assay techniques, including (i) Southern blot analysis (SB), after treatment with 5-mC-sensitive restriction endonucleases, (ii) the polymerase chain reaction, following treatment with 5-mC-sensitive restriction endonucleases (RE-PCR), (iii) bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS), and (iv) bisulfite modification followed by the polymerase chain reaction, using primers selective for target sequences containing 5-mC (MSP). In the majority of the case series so far reported, GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation was present in DNA from at least 90% of prostate cancer cases. When analyses have been carefully conducted, GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation has not been found in DNA from normal prostate tissues, or from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues, though GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation changes have been detected in DNA from candidate prostate cancer precursor lesions proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Using PCR methods, GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation has also been detected in urine, ejaculate, and plasma from men with prostate cancer. GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation, a somatic epigenetic alteration, appears poised to serve as a molecular biomarker useful for prostate cancer screening, detection, and diagnosis.
KW - CpG island
KW - DNA methylation
KW - Glutathione S-transferase
KW - Prostate cancer
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=3843106187&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=3843106187&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/jcb.10740
DO - 10.1002/jcb.10740
M3 - Review article
C2 - 14755684
AN - SCOPUS:3843106187
SN - 0730-2312
VL - 91
SP - 540
EP - 552
JO - Journal of cellular biochemistry
JF - Journal of cellular biochemistry
IS - 3
ER -