TY - JOUR
T1 - Growth of triple negative and progesterone positive breast cancer causes oxidative stress and down-regulates neuroprotective transcription factor NPAS4 and NPAS4-regulated genes in hippocampal tissues of tumorgraft mice - An aging connection
AU - Kovalchuk, Anna
AU - Ilnytskyy, Yaroslav
AU - Rodriguez-Juarez, Rocio
AU - Katz, Amanda
AU - Sidransky, David
AU - Kolb, Bryan
AU - Kovalchuk, Olga
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Kovalchuk, Ilnytskyy, Rodriguez-Juarez, Katz, Sidransky, Kolb and Kovalchuk.
PY - 2018/3/5
Y1 - 2018/3/5
N2 - While the refinement of existing and the development of new chemotherapeutic regimens has significantly improved cancer treatment outcomes and patient survival, chemotherapy still causes many persistent side effects. Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is of particular concern, as cancer patients experience significant deficits in memory, learning, cognition, and decision-making. These chemotherapy-induced cognitive changes are termed chemo brain, and manifest in more than half of cancer survivors. Moreover, recent studies have emerged suggesting that neurocognitive deficits manifest prior to cancer diagnosis and treatment, and thus may be associated with tumor presence, a phenomenon recently termed "tumor brain." To dissect the molecular mechanisms of tumor brain, we used TumorGraftTM models, wherein part of a patient's tumor is grafted into immune-deficient mice. Here, we analyzed molecular changes in the hippocampal tissues of mice carrying triple negative (TNBC) or progesterone receptor positive (PR+BC) xenografts. TNBC growth led to increased oxidative damage, as detected by elevated levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the growth of TNBC and PR+BC tumors altered global gene expression in the murine hippocampus and affected multiple pathways implicated in PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling, as well as other pathways crucial for the proper functioning of hippocampal neurons. TNBC and PR+BC tumor growth also led to a significant decrease in the levels of neuronal transcription factor NPAS4, a regulator that governs the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and several other key brain neurotrophic factors and pro-survival molecules. The decreased expression of ERK1/2, NPAS4, and BDNF are also seen in neurodegenerative conditions and aging, and may constitute an important tumor brain mechanism.
AB - While the refinement of existing and the development of new chemotherapeutic regimens has significantly improved cancer treatment outcomes and patient survival, chemotherapy still causes many persistent side effects. Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is of particular concern, as cancer patients experience significant deficits in memory, learning, cognition, and decision-making. These chemotherapy-induced cognitive changes are termed chemo brain, and manifest in more than half of cancer survivors. Moreover, recent studies have emerged suggesting that neurocognitive deficits manifest prior to cancer diagnosis and treatment, and thus may be associated with tumor presence, a phenomenon recently termed "tumor brain." To dissect the molecular mechanisms of tumor brain, we used TumorGraftTM models, wherein part of a patient's tumor is grafted into immune-deficient mice. Here, we analyzed molecular changes in the hippocampal tissues of mice carrying triple negative (TNBC) or progesterone receptor positive (PR+BC) xenografts. TNBC growth led to increased oxidative damage, as detected by elevated levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the growth of TNBC and PR+BC tumors altered global gene expression in the murine hippocampus and affected multiple pathways implicated in PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling, as well as other pathways crucial for the proper functioning of hippocampal neurons. TNBC and PR+BC tumor growth also led to a significant decrease in the levels of neuronal transcription factor NPAS4, a regulator that governs the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and several other key brain neurotrophic factors and pro-survival molecules. The decreased expression of ERK1/2, NPAS4, and BDNF are also seen in neurodegenerative conditions and aging, and may constitute an important tumor brain mechanism.
KW - Animal models
KW - Brain ageing
KW - Gene expression
KW - Non-CNS cancer
KW - Tumor brain
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85043385129&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fgene.2018.00058
DO - 10.3389/fgene.2018.00058
M3 - Article
C2 - 29556248
AN - SCOPUS:85043385129
SN - 1664-8021
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers in Genetics
JF - Frontiers in Genetics
IS - MAR
M1 - 58
ER -