Abstract
GVAX cancer immunotherapies are composed of whole tumor cells genetically modified to secrete the immune stimulatory cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and then irradiated to prevent further cell division. Both autologous (patient specific) and allogeneic (non-patient specific) GVAX platforms have been evaluated either as single agents or in combination with other immunomodulatory strategies. Many early-phase clinical trials have now been completed. Results have consistently demonstrated a favorable safety profile manifested primarily by injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms. Consistent evidence of immune activation and clinical activity, including radiologic tumor regressions, has been seen across multiple cancer indications in both early- and late-stage disease. Phase 3 trials evaluating an allogeneic GVAX immunotherapy product in prostate cancer are under way.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 321-352 |
Number of pages | 32 |
Journal | International Reviews of Immunology |
Volume | 25 |
Issue number | 5-6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 1 2006 |
Keywords
- Cancer vaccine
- GM-CSF
- GVAX
- Immunotherapy
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
- Immunology