TY - JOUR
T1 - Global variations in mortality in adults after initiating antiretroviral treatment
T2 - An updated analysis of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS cohort collaboration
AU - Johnson, Leigh F.
AU - Anderegg, Nanina
AU - Zaniewski, Elizabeth
AU - Eaton, Jeffrey W.
AU - Rebeiro, Peter F.
AU - Carriquiry, Gabriela
AU - Nash, Denis
AU - Yotebieng, Marcel
AU - Ekouevi, Didier K.
AU - Holmes, Charles B.
AU - Choi, Jun Y.
AU - Jiamsakul, Awachana
AU - Bakoyannis, Giorgos
AU - Althoff, Keri N.
AU - Sohn, Annette H.
AU - Yiannoutsos, Constantin
AU - Egger, Matthias
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
PY - 2019/12/15
Y1 - 2019/12/15
N2 - Background:UNAIDS models use data from the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration in setting assumptions about mortality rates after antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation. This study aims to update these assumptions with new data, to quantify the extent of regional variation in ART mortality and to assess trends in ART mortality.Methods:Adult ART patients from Africa, Asia and the Americas were included if they had a known date of ART initiation during 2001-2017 and a baseline CD4+ cell count. In cohorts that relied only on passive follow-up (no patient tracing or linkage to vital registration systems), mortality outcomes were imputed in patients lost to follow-up based on a meta-analysis of tracing study data. Poisson regression models were fitted to the mortality data.Results:464 048 ART patients were included. In multivariable analysis, mortality rates were lowest in Asia and highest in Africa, with no significant differences between African regions. Adjusted mortality rates varied significantly between programmes within regions. Mortality rates in the first 12 months after ART initiation were significantly higher during 2001-2006 than during 2010-2014, although the difference was more substantial in Asia and the Americas [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.43, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66] than in Africa (aIRR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11).Conclusion:There is substantial variation in ART mortality between and within regions, even after controlling for differences in mortality by age, sex, baseline CD4 category and calendar period. ART mortality rates have declined substantially over time, although declines have been slower in Africa.
AB - Background:UNAIDS models use data from the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration in setting assumptions about mortality rates after antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation. This study aims to update these assumptions with new data, to quantify the extent of regional variation in ART mortality and to assess trends in ART mortality.Methods:Adult ART patients from Africa, Asia and the Americas were included if they had a known date of ART initiation during 2001-2017 and a baseline CD4+ cell count. In cohorts that relied only on passive follow-up (no patient tracing or linkage to vital registration systems), mortality outcomes were imputed in patients lost to follow-up based on a meta-analysis of tracing study data. Poisson regression models were fitted to the mortality data.Results:464 048 ART patients were included. In multivariable analysis, mortality rates were lowest in Asia and highest in Africa, with no significant differences between African regions. Adjusted mortality rates varied significantly between programmes within regions. Mortality rates in the first 12 months after ART initiation were significantly higher during 2001-2006 than during 2010-2014, although the difference was more substantial in Asia and the Americas [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.43, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66] than in Africa (aIRR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11).Conclusion:There is substantial variation in ART mortality between and within regions, even after controlling for differences in mortality by age, sex, baseline CD4 category and calendar period. ART mortality rates have declined substantially over time, although declines have been slower in Africa.
KW - AIDS
KW - HIV
KW - highly active antiretroviral therapy
KW - mortality
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076023554&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85076023554&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002358
DO - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002358
M3 - Article
C2 - 31800405
AN - SCOPUS:85076023554
SN - 0269-9370
VL - 33
SP - S283-S294
JO - AIDS
JF - AIDS
ER -