TY - JOUR
T1 - Global health burden and needs of transgender populations
T2 - a review
AU - Reisner, Sari L.
AU - Poteat, Tonia
AU - Keatley, Jo Anne
AU - Cabral, Mauro
AU - Mothopeng, Tampose
AU - Dunham, Emilia
AU - Holland, Claire E.
AU - Max, Ryan
AU - Baral, Stefan D.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2016/7/1
Y1 - 2016/7/1
N2 - Transgender people are a diverse population affected by a range of negative health indicators across high-income, middle-income, and low-income settings. Studies consistently document a high prevalence of adverse health outcomes in this population, including HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, mental health distress, and substance use and abuse. However, many other health areas remain understudied, population-based representative samples and longitudinal studies are few, and routine surveillance efforts for transgender population health are scarce. The absence of survey items with which to identify transgender respondents in general surveys often restricts the availability of data with which to estimate the magnitude of health inequities and characterise the population-level health of transgender people globally. Despite the limitations, there are sufficient data highlighting the unique biological, behavioural, social, and structural contextual factors surrounding health risks and resiliencies for transgender people. To mitigate these risks and foster resilience, a comprehensive approach is needed that includes gender affirmation as a public health framework, improved health systems and access to health care informed by high quality data, and effective partnerships with local transgender communities to ensure responsiveness of and cultural specificity in programming. Consideration of transgender health underscores the need to explicitly consider sex and gender pathways in epidemiological research and public health surveillance more broadly.
AB - Transgender people are a diverse population affected by a range of negative health indicators across high-income, middle-income, and low-income settings. Studies consistently document a high prevalence of adverse health outcomes in this population, including HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, mental health distress, and substance use and abuse. However, many other health areas remain understudied, population-based representative samples and longitudinal studies are few, and routine surveillance efforts for transgender population health are scarce. The absence of survey items with which to identify transgender respondents in general surveys often restricts the availability of data with which to estimate the magnitude of health inequities and characterise the population-level health of transgender people globally. Despite the limitations, there are sufficient data highlighting the unique biological, behavioural, social, and structural contextual factors surrounding health risks and resiliencies for transgender people. To mitigate these risks and foster resilience, a comprehensive approach is needed that includes gender affirmation as a public health framework, improved health systems and access to health care informed by high quality data, and effective partnerships with local transgender communities to ensure responsiveness of and cultural specificity in programming. Consideration of transgender health underscores the need to explicitly consider sex and gender pathways in epidemiological research and public health surveillance more broadly.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85008205596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85008205596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00684-X
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00684-X
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27323919
AN - SCOPUS:85008205596
SN - 0140-6736
VL - 388
SP - 412
EP - 436
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
IS - 10042
ER -