Genotype and subtype analyses of Cryptosporidium isolates from dairy calves and humans in Ontario

To assess the importance of dairy cattle as a source of human Cryptosporidium infections in Ontario, Canada, 44 Cryptosporidium isolates from neonatal dairy calves and 11 from sporadic human cases of cryptosporidiosis in the province were genotyped by PCR-RFLP analyses of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) and 18S rRNA genes. Isolates were also subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (GP60) gene. All bovine isolates successfully subtyped belonged to Cryptosporidium parvum subtype family (allele) IIa. Seven subtypes of this family were identified among the bovine isolates. Four human isolates were Cryptosporidium hominis, of alleles Ia, Id, and Ie. Of the remaining seven human specimens, four were C. parvum allele IIa, two were C. parvum of an undetermined subtype, and one was identified as Cryptosporidium cervine genotype. Three of the C. parvum isolates from humans were the same subtypes as isolates from the calves. These findings suggest that cattle and other ruminants may be a source of sporadic human infections in Ontario. This is the first published description of Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes in Ontario, and is the second published report of human infection with Cryptosporidium cervine genotype.