TY - JOUR
T1 - Generating backwashable carbon nanotube mats on the inner surface of polymeric hollow fiber membranes
AU - Gallagher, M. J.
AU - Huang, H.
AU - Schwab, K. J.
AU - Fairbrother, D. H.
AU - Teychene, B.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Mr. Mark Koontz and David Goodwin for the SEM images, Jin Yang for UV–vis method development, and Gaurav Ajmani and Dr. Joseph Jacangelo for valuable discussions during the studies. This research was partially supported by the Region Poitou-Charentes of France and from a SEED grant administered by the Environment, Energy, Sustainability and Health Institute (E2HSI) of the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) . Additional funding was also provided by the JHU Global Water Program and the Osprey Foundation of Maryland .
Copyright:
Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2013/11/1
Y1 - 2013/11/1
N2 - Porous carbon nanotube (CNT) mats adsorbed on flat sheet membranes have previously been shown to significantly improve fouling resistance and contaminant removal capabilities. Unfortunately, these CNT mats are easily disrupted by backwashing, severely limiting their value in commercial membranes. In this study, we describe how CNT mats, which are stable to backwashing, can be generated on the inner surface of hollow fiber membranes. Mat stability was determined from electron microscopy and by quantifying the mass of CNTs lost during aggressive backwashing, including hydraulic stress and exposure to harsh chemicals. Stable mats were also formed with powder activated carbon, demonstrating that the mat's stability is not a consequence of CNT properties, but rather the nature and directionality of the forces that these mats experience during backwashing. Compared to virgin membranes, CNT-modified membranes exhibited improved fouling resistance which was sustained through multiple backwashing cycles. Moreover, no measureable quantities of CNTs entered the permeate when natural organic matter was filtered through a CNT-modified membrane, indicating that CNTs will not be released into the permeate during filtration. Collectively, these findings indicate that CNT-modified membranes could positively impact the sustainability and performance of hollow fiber membranes being used in water purification.
AB - Porous carbon nanotube (CNT) mats adsorbed on flat sheet membranes have previously been shown to significantly improve fouling resistance and contaminant removal capabilities. Unfortunately, these CNT mats are easily disrupted by backwashing, severely limiting their value in commercial membranes. In this study, we describe how CNT mats, which are stable to backwashing, can be generated on the inner surface of hollow fiber membranes. Mat stability was determined from electron microscopy and by quantifying the mass of CNTs lost during aggressive backwashing, including hydraulic stress and exposure to harsh chemicals. Stable mats were also formed with powder activated carbon, demonstrating that the mat's stability is not a consequence of CNT properties, but rather the nature and directionality of the forces that these mats experience during backwashing. Compared to virgin membranes, CNT-modified membranes exhibited improved fouling resistance which was sustained through multiple backwashing cycles. Moreover, no measureable quantities of CNTs entered the permeate when natural organic matter was filtered through a CNT-modified membrane, indicating that CNTs will not be released into the permeate during filtration. Collectively, these findings indicate that CNT-modified membranes could positively impact the sustainability and performance of hollow fiber membranes being used in water purification.
KW - Backwashable mats
KW - Carbon nanotube
KW - Hollow fiber
KW - Water purification
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U2 - 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.06.015
DO - 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.06.015
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84880342168
SN - 0376-7388
VL - 446
SP - 59
EP - 67
JO - Journal of Membrane Science
JF - Journal of Membrane Science
ER -