TY - JOUR
T1 - Gender differences in industry payments among cardiologists
AU - Raber, Inbar
AU - McCarthy, Cian P.
AU - Al Rifai, Mahmoud
AU - Vaduganathan, Muthiah
AU - Michos, Erin D.
AU - Wood, Malissa J.
AU - Smyth, Yvonne M.
AU - Ibrahim, Nasrien E.
AU - DeFaria Yeh, Doreen
AU - Asnani, Aarti
AU - Mehran, Roxana
AU - McEvoy, John W.
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr Muthiah Vaduganathan is supported by the KL2/Catalyst Medical Research Investigator Training award from Harvard Catalyst (NIH/NCATS Award UL 1TR002541) and serves on advisory boards to Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, and Baxter Healthcare. Dr Roxana Mehran has received institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beth Israel Deaconess, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi, CSL Behring, Eli Lilly/Daiichi Sankyo, Medtronic, Novartis, and OrbusNeich; is a consultant to Boston Scientific, Abbott Vascular, Medscape, Siemens Medical Solutions, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc (no fees), Roivant Sciences Inc, and Sanofi; is an institution consultant (payment to institution) with Abbott Vascular and Spectranetics/Phillips/Volcano Corporation; is on the executive committee for Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Bristol-Myers Squibb; receives institutional (payment to institution) advisory board funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Novartis; Data and Safety Monitoring Board membership funding to institution from Watermark Research; and has less than 1% equity with Claret Medical (part of Boston Scientific, a company that makes medical devices) and less than 1% equity with Elixir Medical (a company that makes drug-eluting stents). Dr Nasrien E. Ibrahim has received presentation honoraria from Novartis. Dr Aarti Asnani is supported by NIH K08-HL145019 and a Scholar Award from the Sarnoff Cardiovascular Research Foundation. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2020/5
Y1 - 2020/5
N2 - Background: There is a wage gap among men and women practicing cardiology. Differences in industry funding can be both a consequence of and a contributor to gender differences in salaries. We sought to determine whether gender differences exist in the distribution, types, and amounts of industry payments among men and women in cardiology. Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, we used the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payment program database to obtain 2016 industry payment data for US cardiologists. We also used UK Disclosure data to obtain 2016 industry payments to UK cardiologists. Outcomes included the proportions of male and female cardiologists receiving industry funding and the mean industry payment amounts received by male and female cardiologists. Where possible, we also assessed 2014 and 2015 data in both locations. Results: Of the 22,848 practicing Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services US cardiologists in 2016, 20,037 (88%) were men and 2,811 (12%) were women. Proportionally more men than women received industry payments in 2016 (78.0% vs 68.5%, respectively; P < .001). Men received higher overall mean industry payments than women ($6,193.25 vs. $2,501.55, P < .001). Results were similar in 2014 and 2015. Among UK cardiologists, more men (24.4%) than women (13.5%) received industry payments in 2016 (P < .001). However, although the difference in overall industry payments was numerically larger among men compared to women, this did not achieve statistical significance (£2,348.31 vs £1,501.37, respectively, P = .35). Conclusions: Industry payments to cardiologists are common, and there are gender differences in these payments on both sides of the Atlantic.
AB - Background: There is a wage gap among men and women practicing cardiology. Differences in industry funding can be both a consequence of and a contributor to gender differences in salaries. We sought to determine whether gender differences exist in the distribution, types, and amounts of industry payments among men and women in cardiology. Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, we used the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payment program database to obtain 2016 industry payment data for US cardiologists. We also used UK Disclosure data to obtain 2016 industry payments to UK cardiologists. Outcomes included the proportions of male and female cardiologists receiving industry funding and the mean industry payment amounts received by male and female cardiologists. Where possible, we also assessed 2014 and 2015 data in both locations. Results: Of the 22,848 practicing Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services US cardiologists in 2016, 20,037 (88%) were men and 2,811 (12%) were women. Proportionally more men than women received industry payments in 2016 (78.0% vs 68.5%, respectively; P < .001). Men received higher overall mean industry payments than women ($6,193.25 vs. $2,501.55, P < .001). Results were similar in 2014 and 2015. Among UK cardiologists, more men (24.4%) than women (13.5%) received industry payments in 2016 (P < .001). However, although the difference in overall industry payments was numerically larger among men compared to women, this did not achieve statistical significance (£2,348.31 vs £1,501.37, respectively, P = .35). Conclusions: Industry payments to cardiologists are common, and there are gender differences in these payments on both sides of the Atlantic.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.11.021
DO - 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.11.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 31926591
AN - SCOPUS:85077652197
SN - 0002-8703
VL - 223
SP - 123
EP - 131
JO - American heart journal
JF - American heart journal
ER -