TY - JOUR
T1 - GABA and glutamate in children with primary complex motor stereotypies
T2 - An 1H-MRS study at 7T
AU - Harris, A. D.
AU - Singer, H. S.
AU - Horska, A.
AU - Kline, T.
AU - Ryan, M.
AU - Edden, R. A.E.
AU - Mahone, E. M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by National Institutes of Health grants: 1R21 MH092693, P41 EB015909, U54 079123, and UL1 RR025005 and the Nesbit-McMaster Foundation. The funding agencies were not involved in the design, data collection, data analysis, manuscript preparation, or publication design. The authors have stated that they had no interests that could be perceived as posing a conflict or bias.
PY - 2016/3
Y1 - 2016/3
N2 - Background and Purpose: Complex motor stereotypies are rhythmic, repetitive, fixed, purposeful but purposeless movements that stop with distraction. They can occur in otherwise normal healthy children (primary stereotypies) as well in those with autism spectrum disorders (secondary stereotypies). The underlying neurobiologic basis for these movements is unknown but is thought to involve cortical-striatal-thalamo-cortical pathways. To further clarify potential neurochemical alterations, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, glutamine, N-acetylaspartate, and choline levels were measured in 4 frontostriatal regions by using 1H MRS at 7T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 children with primary complex motor stereotypies and 24 typically developing controls, ages 5-10 years, completed MR spectroscopy at 7T. Single voxel STEAM acquisitions from the anterior cingulate cortex, premotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and striatum were obtained, and metabolites were quantified with respect to Cr by using LCModel. RESULTS: The 7T scan was well tolerated by all the participants. Compared with the controls, children with complex motor stereotypies had lower levels of GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex (GABA/Cr, P =.049; GABA/Glu, P =.051) and striatum (GABA/Cr, P =.028; GABA/Glu, P =.0037) but not the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or the premotor cortex. Glutamate, glutamine, NAA, and Cho levels did not differ between groups in any of the aforementioned regions. Within the complex motor stereotypies group, reduced GABA to Cr in the anterior cingulate cortex was significantly associated with greater severity of motor stereotypies (r=-0.59, P =.021). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate possible GABAergic dysfunction within corticostriatal pathways in children with primary complex motor stereotypies.
AB - Background and Purpose: Complex motor stereotypies are rhythmic, repetitive, fixed, purposeful but purposeless movements that stop with distraction. They can occur in otherwise normal healthy children (primary stereotypies) as well in those with autism spectrum disorders (secondary stereotypies). The underlying neurobiologic basis for these movements is unknown but is thought to involve cortical-striatal-thalamo-cortical pathways. To further clarify potential neurochemical alterations, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, glutamine, N-acetylaspartate, and choline levels were measured in 4 frontostriatal regions by using 1H MRS at 7T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 children with primary complex motor stereotypies and 24 typically developing controls, ages 5-10 years, completed MR spectroscopy at 7T. Single voxel STEAM acquisitions from the anterior cingulate cortex, premotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and striatum were obtained, and metabolites were quantified with respect to Cr by using LCModel. RESULTS: The 7T scan was well tolerated by all the participants. Compared with the controls, children with complex motor stereotypies had lower levels of GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex (GABA/Cr, P =.049; GABA/Glu, P =.051) and striatum (GABA/Cr, P =.028; GABA/Glu, P =.0037) but not the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or the premotor cortex. Glutamate, glutamine, NAA, and Cho levels did not differ between groups in any of the aforementioned regions. Within the complex motor stereotypies group, reduced GABA to Cr in the anterior cingulate cortex was significantly associated with greater severity of motor stereotypies (r=-0.59, P =.021). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate possible GABAergic dysfunction within corticostriatal pathways in children with primary complex motor stereotypies.
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U2 - 10.3174/ajnr.A4547
DO - 10.3174/ajnr.A4547
M3 - Article
C2 - 26542237
AN - SCOPUS:84961186331
SN - 0195-6108
VL - 37
SP - 552
EP - 557
JO - American Journal of Neuroradiology
JF - American Journal of Neuroradiology
IS - 3
ER -