Fracture dislocations of the tarsometatarsal joints: End results correlated with pathology and treatment

Seventy-two patients with 76 fracture-dislocations of the Lisfranc tarsometatarsal joint complex were evaluated. Fifty-eight (81%) were polytrauma patients and the remainder suffered isolated injuries. Sixty of the original 72 patients were available for long-term study. Eight of these had an amputation at or shortly after the original admission, leaving 52 patients with 55 Lisfranc injuries for analysis. The average length of follow-up was 4.2 years (range, 20 months to 11 years). According to the Painful Foot Center scoring system, 27 feet (49%) achieved an excellent or good result and 28 (51%), a fair or poor result. Direct crush injuries did poorly with only one of eight scoring good or excellent. Of the various treatment modalities, open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires yielded the best results. The major determinant of unacceptable results was identified as the quality of the initial reduction. Tarsal instability and late degenerative joint disease caused most of the symptoms. Twenty-three of the 52 patients (44%) have had or should have further mid-foot surgery to improve function and comfort. Because our results were often poor, our present protocol includes closed or open reduction and Kirschner wire internal fixation. Displacement greater than 2 mm or a talometatarsal angle greater than 15° on radiographs following a closed reduction mandates open reduction.