TY - JOUR
T1 - Four Risk Factors for Arthrofibrosis in Tibial Spine Fractures
T2 - A National 10-Site Multicenter Study
AU - Bram, Joshua T.
AU - Aoyama, Julien T.
AU - Mistovich, R. Justin
AU - Ellis, Henry B.
AU - Schmale, Gregory A.
AU - Yen, Yi Meng
AU - McKay, Scott D.
AU - Fabricant, Peter D.
AU - Green, Daniel W.
AU - Lee, R. Jay
AU - Cruz, Aristides I.
AU - Kushare, Indranil V.
AU - Shea, Kevin G.
AU - Ganley, Theodore J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s).
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - Background: Tibial spine fractures (TSFs) are relatively rare pediatric injuries. Postoperative arthrofibrosis remains the most common complication, with few studies having examined factors associated with its development. Purpose: To identify risk factors for arthrofibrosis and required MUA or lysis of adhesions in the largest known cohort of patients with TSFs. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This was a multicenter study of 249 patients ≤18 years old who had a TSF between January 2000 and February 2019. Patients were separated into cohorts based on whether they developed arthrofibrosis, defined as a 10° deficit in extension and/or 25° deficit in flexion at postoperative 3 months or a return to the operating room for manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) and/or lysis of adhesions. Results: A total of 58 (23.3%) patients developed postoperative arthrofibrosis, with 19 (7.6%) requiring a return to the operating room for MUA. Patients with arthrofibrosis were younger (mean ± SD, 11.3 ± 2.7 vs 12.3 ± 2.8 years; P =.029). They were more likely to have a nonsport, trauma-related injury (65.4% vs 32.1%; P '.001) and a concomitant ACL injury (10.3% vs 1.1%; P =.003). Those with arthrofibrosis had longer operative times (135.0 vs 114.8 minutes; P =.006) and were more likely to have been immobilized in a cast postoperatively (30.4% vs 16.6%; P =.043). In multivariate regression, concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (odds ratio [OR], 20.0; P =.001), traumatic injury (OR, 3.8; P '.001), age '10 years (OR, 2.2; P =.049), and cast immobilization (OR, 2.4; P =.047) remained significant predictors of arthrofibrosis. Concomitant ACL injury (OR, 7.5; P =.030) was additionally predictive of a required return to the operating room for MUA. Conclusion: Surgeons should be cognizant of arthrofibrosis risk in younger patients with concomitant ACL tears and traumatic injuries not resulting from athletics. Furthermore, postoperative immobilization in a cast should be avoided given the high risk of arthrofibrosis. Concomitant ACL injury is associated with a higher return to the operating room for MUA.
AB - Background: Tibial spine fractures (TSFs) are relatively rare pediatric injuries. Postoperative arthrofibrosis remains the most common complication, with few studies having examined factors associated with its development. Purpose: To identify risk factors for arthrofibrosis and required MUA or lysis of adhesions in the largest known cohort of patients with TSFs. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This was a multicenter study of 249 patients ≤18 years old who had a TSF between January 2000 and February 2019. Patients were separated into cohorts based on whether they developed arthrofibrosis, defined as a 10° deficit in extension and/or 25° deficit in flexion at postoperative 3 months or a return to the operating room for manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) and/or lysis of adhesions. Results: A total of 58 (23.3%) patients developed postoperative arthrofibrosis, with 19 (7.6%) requiring a return to the operating room for MUA. Patients with arthrofibrosis were younger (mean ± SD, 11.3 ± 2.7 vs 12.3 ± 2.8 years; P =.029). They were more likely to have a nonsport, trauma-related injury (65.4% vs 32.1%; P '.001) and a concomitant ACL injury (10.3% vs 1.1%; P =.003). Those with arthrofibrosis had longer operative times (135.0 vs 114.8 minutes; P =.006) and were more likely to have been immobilized in a cast postoperatively (30.4% vs 16.6%; P =.043). In multivariate regression, concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (odds ratio [OR], 20.0; P =.001), traumatic injury (OR, 3.8; P '.001), age '10 years (OR, 2.2; P =.049), and cast immobilization (OR, 2.4; P =.047) remained significant predictors of arthrofibrosis. Concomitant ACL injury (OR, 7.5; P =.030) was additionally predictive of a required return to the operating room for MUA. Conclusion: Surgeons should be cognizant of arthrofibrosis risk in younger patients with concomitant ACL tears and traumatic injuries not resulting from athletics. Furthermore, postoperative immobilization in a cast should be avoided given the high risk of arthrofibrosis. Concomitant ACL injury is associated with a higher return to the operating room for MUA.
KW - anterior cruciate ligament
KW - arthrofibrosis
KW - intercondylar eminence
KW - knee
KW - tibial spine fractures
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U2 - 10.1177/0363546520951192
DO - 10.1177/0363546520951192
M3 - Article
C2 - 32898426
AN - SCOPUS:85090455306
SN - 0363-5465
VL - 48
SP - 2986
EP - 2993
JO - American Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - American Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 12
ER -