TY - JOUR
T1 - Five-year refractive changes in a rural Chinese adult population and its related factors
T2 - the Handan Eye Study
AU - the Handan Eye Study Group
AU - Li, Shi Ming
AU - Lin, Caixia
AU - Wan, Yue
AU - Cao, Kai
AU - Hao, Jie
AU - Zhang, Ye
AU - Hu, Ailian
AU - Wu, Jian
AU - Friedman, David S.
AU - Wang, Ningli
N1 - Funding Information:
Conflict of interest: None declared. Funding sources: Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program), Grant 2007CB512201 from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Program of Health Policy for blindness prevention from the People’s Republic of China, partially funded by the Key Technologies R&D Program No. 2006-10903 from the Bureau of Science and Technology of Handan City, Hebei Province, China. With additional support from Beijing Tongren Hospital and the key discipline fund of Bureau of Health, Handan City, Hebei Province, China. The sponsor or funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists
PY - 2018/11
Y1 - 2018/11
N2 - Importance: Provision of refractive changes is important to predict eye care needs for aging population. Background: To provide 5-year refractive changes in a rural Chinese adult population. Design: Population-based longitudinal study. Participants: At baseline, 6830 subjects aged 30+ years took part in the Handan Eye Study. A total of 5394 of the 6323 survivors (85.3%) participated in the 5-year follow-up. Methods: Ocular examinations including standardized refraction were performed according to the same protocol at both baseline and follow-up. Main Outcome Measures: Change in spherical equivalent (SE; sphere + 1/2 cylinder) and astigmatism. Results: A total of 3970 right eyes were available for refraction analysis. The 5-year change in SE for all subjects was +0.17 diopters (D), and was −0.21D, +0.14D, +0.40D and +0.08D for subjects aged 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years, respectively. By binary regression analysis, myopic shift was associated with severe nuclear opacity, longer axil length, diabetes and large change of lens power, while hyperopic shift was associated with older age and ocular hypertension at baseline. There was a mean change of 0.18D in the against-the-rule astigmatism. Conclusions and Relevance: There was a myopic shift for those 30–39 years old and a hyperopic shift from 40 to 69 years old in a rural Chinese adult population. Those with severe nuclear opacity, longer axil length, diabetes and large change of lens power tended to have a myopic shift, while those being older and having ocular hypertension at baseline were prone to have a hyperopic shift. There was also an increase in against-the-rule astigmatism in this population.
AB - Importance: Provision of refractive changes is important to predict eye care needs for aging population. Background: To provide 5-year refractive changes in a rural Chinese adult population. Design: Population-based longitudinal study. Participants: At baseline, 6830 subjects aged 30+ years took part in the Handan Eye Study. A total of 5394 of the 6323 survivors (85.3%) participated in the 5-year follow-up. Methods: Ocular examinations including standardized refraction were performed according to the same protocol at both baseline and follow-up. Main Outcome Measures: Change in spherical equivalent (SE; sphere + 1/2 cylinder) and astigmatism. Results: A total of 3970 right eyes were available for refraction analysis. The 5-year change in SE for all subjects was +0.17 diopters (D), and was −0.21D, +0.14D, +0.40D and +0.08D for subjects aged 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years, respectively. By binary regression analysis, myopic shift was associated with severe nuclear opacity, longer axil length, diabetes and large change of lens power, while hyperopic shift was associated with older age and ocular hypertension at baseline. There was a mean change of 0.18D in the against-the-rule astigmatism. Conclusions and Relevance: There was a myopic shift for those 30–39 years old and a hyperopic shift from 40 to 69 years old in a rural Chinese adult population. Those with severe nuclear opacity, longer axil length, diabetes and large change of lens power tended to have a myopic shift, while those being older and having ocular hypertension at baseline were prone to have a hyperopic shift. There was also an increase in against-the-rule astigmatism in this population.
KW - astigmatism
KW - longitudinal study
KW - refractive change
KW - spherical equivalent
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U2 - 10.1111/ceo.13196
DO - 10.1111/ceo.13196
M3 - Article
C2 - 29603855
AN - SCOPUS:85056549627
SN - 1442-6404
VL - 46
SP - 873
EP - 881
JO - Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
JF - Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
IS - 8
ER -