TY - JOUR
T1 - Extracellular vesicles in physiology, pathology, and therapy of the immune and central nervous system, with focus on extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic tools
AU - Koniusz, Sylwia
AU - Andrzejewska, Anna
AU - Muraca, Maurizio
AU - Srivastava, Amit K.
AU - Janowski, Miroslaw
AU - Lukomska, Barbara
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Koniusz, Andrzejewska, Muraca, Srivastava, Janowski and Lukomska.
PY - 2016/5/2
Y1 - 2016/5/2
N2 - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded structures released by most cell types. They are characterized by a specific set of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. EVs have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication to transmit biological signals between cells. In addition, pathophysiological roles of EVs in conditions like cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders are well established. In recent years focus has been shifted on therapeutic use of stem cell derived-EVs. Use of stem cell derived-EVs present distinct advantage over the whole stem cells as EVs do not replicate and after intravenous administration, they are less likely to trap inside the lungs. From the therapeutic perspective, the most promising cellular sources of EVs are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are easy to obtain and maintain. Therapeutic activity of MSCs has been shown in numerous animal models and the beneficial paracrine effect of MSCs may be mediated by EVs. The various components of MSC derived-EVs such as proteins, lipids, and RNA might play a specific therapeutic role. In this review, we characterize the role of EVs in immune and central nervous system (CNS); present evidences for defective signaling of these vesicles in neurodegeneration and therapeutic role of EVs in CNS.
AB - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded structures released by most cell types. They are characterized by a specific set of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. EVs have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication to transmit biological signals between cells. In addition, pathophysiological roles of EVs in conditions like cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders are well established. In recent years focus has been shifted on therapeutic use of stem cell derived-EVs. Use of stem cell derived-EVs present distinct advantage over the whole stem cells as EVs do not replicate and after intravenous administration, they are less likely to trap inside the lungs. From the therapeutic perspective, the most promising cellular sources of EVs are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are easy to obtain and maintain. Therapeutic activity of MSCs has been shown in numerous animal models and the beneficial paracrine effect of MSCs may be mediated by EVs. The various components of MSC derived-EVs such as proteins, lipids, and RNA might play a specific therapeutic role. In this review, we characterize the role of EVs in immune and central nervous system (CNS); present evidences for defective signaling of these vesicles in neurodegeneration and therapeutic role of EVs in CNS.
KW - Biomarkers
KW - CNS
KW - Extracellular vesicles
KW - Mesenchymal stromal cells
KW - Neurological diseases
KW - Transplantation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84966340275&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84966340275&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fncel.2016.00109
DO - 10.3389/fncel.2016.00109
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27199663
AN - SCOPUS:84966340275
SN - 1662-5102
VL - 10
JO - Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
JF - Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
IS - MAY
M1 - 109
ER -