TY - JOUR
T1 - Exosomes
AU - Pegtel, D. Michiel
AU - Gould, Stephen J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank members of the Gould and Pegtel laboratories for constructive comments on early drafts of this review. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health to S.J.G. (U19CA179563).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/6/20
Y1 - 2019/6/20
N2 - Exosomes are small, single-membrane, secreted organelles of ∼30 to ∼200 nm in diameter that have the same topology as the cell and are enriched in selected proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates. Exosomes contain an array of membrane-associated, high-order oligomeric protein complexes, display pronounced molecular heterogeneity, and are created by budding at both plasma and endosome membranes. Exosome biogenesis is a mechanism of protein quality control, and once released, exosomes have activities as diverse as remodeling the extracellular matrix and transmitting signals and molecules to other cells. This pathway of intercellular vesicle traffic plays important roles in many aspects of human health and disease, including development, immunity, tissue homeostasis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, viruses co-opt exosome biogenesis pathways both for assembling infectious particles and for establishing host permissiveness. On the basis of these and other properties, exosomes are being developed as therapeutic agents in multiple disease models.
AB - Exosomes are small, single-membrane, secreted organelles of ∼30 to ∼200 nm in diameter that have the same topology as the cell and are enriched in selected proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates. Exosomes contain an array of membrane-associated, high-order oligomeric protein complexes, display pronounced molecular heterogeneity, and are created by budding at both plasma and endosome membranes. Exosome biogenesis is a mechanism of protein quality control, and once released, exosomes have activities as diverse as remodeling the extracellular matrix and transmitting signals and molecules to other cells. This pathway of intercellular vesicle traffic plays important roles in many aspects of human health and disease, including development, immunity, tissue homeostasis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, viruses co-opt exosome biogenesis pathways both for assembling infectious particles and for establishing host permissiveness. On the basis of these and other properties, exosomes are being developed as therapeutic agents in multiple disease models.
KW - aggregation
KW - budding
KW - cancer
KW - cell biology
KW - extracellular vesicle
KW - immunity
KW - microvesicle
KW - neurodegeneration
KW - protein oligomerization
KW - protein trafficking
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U2 - 10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111902
DO - 10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111902
M3 - Article
C2 - 31220978
AN - SCOPUS:85067831338
SN - 0066-4154
VL - 88
SP - 487
EP - 514
JO - Annual review of biochemistry
JF - Annual review of biochemistry
ER -