Examination of Racial and Socioeconomic Disparity in Use of Nondirected Kidney Donation in the US

Leyla R. Herbst, Laura Bowles Zeiser, Jonathan Mitchell, Kieranjeet Nijhar, Vijay Perincherry, Julia I. López, Dorry L. Segev, Allan B. Massie, Elizabeth King, Andrew M. Cameron

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nondirected donor (NDD) kidney transplant (NDDKT) continues to improve organ access for waitlisted candidates. Although NDDs are becoming increasingly common, there has been no contemporary evaluation of NDD allograft use, and it is vital to understand sociodemographic, as well as center-level, use across the US. STUDY DESIGN: Using national data from the Scientific Registry for Transplant Recipients, this study characterized NDDs, NDDKT recipients, and center-level distribution of NDDKT. Directed donor and NDD characteristics were compared using Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with receiving NDDKT, and center distribution of NDDKT was assessed using the Gini coefficient. RESULTS: NDDKT increased from 1.4% (n = 154) of all living donor kidney transplants in 2010 to 6.5% (n = 338) in 2020. Compared with directed living donors, NDDs were older (median [IQR], 44 [33 to 54] vs 43 [33 to 52], p < 0.01), more often male (40.2% vs 36.7%, p < 0.001), and White (91.4% vs 69.5%, p < 0.001). White adult candidates were more likely to receive NDDKT compared with Black (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.300.340.39, p < 0.001), Hispanic/Latino (aOR, 0.360.420.48, p < 0.001), and Other (aOR, 0.410.470.55, p < 0.001) candidates. Black pediatric candidates had lower odds of receiving NDDKT (aOR, 0.090.220.54, p = 0.02). The proportion of centers performing NDDKT has increased from 2010 to 2020 (Gini = 0.77 vs 0.68). CONCLUSIONS: Although more centers are performing NDDKT, racial disparities persist among NDDs and NDDKT recipients. Continued effort is needed to recruit living kidney donors and improve access to living donation for minority groups in the US. (J Am Coll Surg 2022;234:000-00.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)615-623
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of the American College of Surgeons
Volume234
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 1 2022

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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