Evolving concepts of prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections in pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients

(F)ungal infections have emerged as a major complication of marrow transplantation in children. Most episodes occur within the first 100 days and are often difficult to diagnose. Until recently, a limited number of therapeutic options were available but with new antifungal agents, including azole compounds and less toxic preparations of amphotericin, there is promise for improvements in the prevention of fungal infections as well as the treatment of established infections. This review will summarize the current approach towards therapeutic options available for the supportive care of children undergoing marrow transplantation.