TY - JOUR
T1 - Evidence for a role of p38 kinase in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-independent induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by sodium arsenite
AU - Duyndam, Monique C.A.
AU - Hulscher, Saskia T.M.
AU - Van der Wall, Elsken
AU - Pinedo, Herbert M.
AU - Boven, Epie
PY - 2003/2/28
Y1 - 2003/2/28
N2 - Recently we have demonstrated that sodium arsenite induces the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells. We now show that arsenic trioxide, an experimental anti-cancer drug, exerts the same effects. The involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the effects of sodium arsenite was investigated. By using kinase inhibitors in OVCAR-3 cells, both effects of sodium arsenite were found to be independent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and p44/p42 MAPKS but were attenuated by inhibition of p38 MAPK. A role for p38 in the regulation of HIF-1α and VEGF expression was supported further by analysis of activation kinetics. Experiments in mouse fibroblast cell lines, lacking expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2, suggested that these kinases are not required for induction of HIF-1α protein and VEGF mRNA. Unexpectedly, sodium arsenite did not activate a HIF-1-dependent reporter gene in OVCAR-3 cells, indicating that functional HIF-1 was not induced. In agreement with this hypothesis, up-regulation of VEGF mRNA was not reduced in HIF-1α-/- mouse fibroblast cell lines. Altogether, these data suggest that not HIF-1, but rather p38, mediates induction of VEGF mRNA expression by sodium arsenite.
AB - Recently we have demonstrated that sodium arsenite induces the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells. We now show that arsenic trioxide, an experimental anti-cancer drug, exerts the same effects. The involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the effects of sodium arsenite was investigated. By using kinase inhibitors in OVCAR-3 cells, both effects of sodium arsenite were found to be independent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and p44/p42 MAPKS but were attenuated by inhibition of p38 MAPK. A role for p38 in the regulation of HIF-1α and VEGF expression was supported further by analysis of activation kinetics. Experiments in mouse fibroblast cell lines, lacking expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2, suggested that these kinases are not required for induction of HIF-1α protein and VEGF mRNA. Unexpectedly, sodium arsenite did not activate a HIF-1-dependent reporter gene in OVCAR-3 cells, indicating that functional HIF-1 was not induced. In agreement with this hypothesis, up-regulation of VEGF mRNA was not reduced in HIF-1α-/- mouse fibroblast cell lines. Altogether, these data suggest that not HIF-1, but rather p38, mediates induction of VEGF mRNA expression by sodium arsenite.
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U2 - 10.1074/jbc.M206320200
DO - 10.1074/jbc.M206320200
M3 - Article
C2 - 12482858
AN - SCOPUS:0037470189
SN - 0021-9258
VL - 278
SP - 6885
EP - 6895
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
IS - 9
ER -