TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of exposure change of nonrenally eliminated drugs in patients with chronic kidney disease using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation.
AU - Zhao, Ping
AU - Vieira, Manuela de L.T.
AU - Grillo, Joseph A.
AU - Song, Pengfei
AU - Wu, Ta Chen
AU - Zheng, Jenny H.
AU - Arya, Vikram
AU - Berglund, Eva Gil
AU - Atkinson, Arthur J.
AU - Sugiyama, Yuichi
AU - Pang, K. Sandy
AU - Reynolds, Kellie S.
AU - Abernethy, Darrell R.
AU - Zhang, Lei
AU - Lesko, Lawrence J.
AU - Huang, Shiew Mei
PY - 2012/1
Y1 - 2012/1
N2 - Chronic kidney disease, or renal impairment (RI) can increase plasma levels for drugs that are primarily renally cleared and for some drugs whose renal elimination is not a major pathway. We constructed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for 3 nonrenally eliminated drugs (sildenafil, repaglinide, and telithromycin). These models integrate drug-dependent parameters derived from in vitro, in silico, and in vivo data, and system-dependent parameters that are independent of the test drugs. Plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of test drugs were simulated in subjects with severe RI and normal renal function, respectively. The simulated versus observed areas under the concentration versus time curve changes (AUCR, severe RI/normal) were comparable for sildenafil (2.2 vs 2.0) and telithromycin (1.6 vs 1.9). For repaglinide, the initial, simulated AUCR was lower than that observed (1.2 vs 3.0). The underestimation was corrected once the estimated changes in transporter activity were incorporated into the model. The simulated AUCR values were confirmed using a static, clearance concept model. The PBPK models were further used to evaluate the changes in pharmacokinetic profiles of sildenafil metabolite by RI and of telithromycin by RI and co-administration with ketoconazole. The simulations demonstrate the utility and challenges of the PBPK approach in evaluating the pharmacokinetics of nonrenally cleared drugs in subjects with RI.
AB - Chronic kidney disease, or renal impairment (RI) can increase plasma levels for drugs that are primarily renally cleared and for some drugs whose renal elimination is not a major pathway. We constructed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for 3 nonrenally eliminated drugs (sildenafil, repaglinide, and telithromycin). These models integrate drug-dependent parameters derived from in vitro, in silico, and in vivo data, and system-dependent parameters that are independent of the test drugs. Plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of test drugs were simulated in subjects with severe RI and normal renal function, respectively. The simulated versus observed areas under the concentration versus time curve changes (AUCR, severe RI/normal) were comparable for sildenafil (2.2 vs 2.0) and telithromycin (1.6 vs 1.9). For repaglinide, the initial, simulated AUCR was lower than that observed (1.2 vs 3.0). The underestimation was corrected once the estimated changes in transporter activity were incorporated into the model. The simulated AUCR values were confirmed using a static, clearance concept model. The PBPK models were further used to evaluate the changes in pharmacokinetic profiles of sildenafil metabolite by RI and of telithromycin by RI and co-administration with ketoconazole. The simulations demonstrate the utility and challenges of the PBPK approach in evaluating the pharmacokinetics of nonrenally cleared drugs in subjects with RI.
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U2 - 10.1177/0091270011415528
DO - 10.1177/0091270011415528
M3 - Article
C2 - 22232759
AN - SCOPUS:84857239735
SN - 0091-2700
VL - 52
SP - 91S-108S
JO - Journal of clinical pharmacology
JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology
IS - 1 Suppl
ER -