TY - JOUR
T1 - Equimolar doses of mannitol and hypertonic saline in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure
AU - Francony, Gilles
AU - Fauvage, Bertrand
AU - Falcon, Dominique
AU - Canet, Charles
AU - Dilou, Henri
AU - Lavagne, Pierre
AU - Jacquot, Claude
AU - Payen, Jean Francois
PY - 2008/3
Y1 - 2008/3
N2 - Objective: To compare the effects of equimolar doses of 20% mannitol solution and of 7.45% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in the treatment of patients with sustained elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Design: Parallel, randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Two intensive care units in a university hospital. Patients: A total of 20 stable patients with a sustained ICP of >20 mm Hg secondary to traumatic brain injury (n = 17) or stroke (n = 3). Interventions: A single equimolar infusion (255 mOsm dose) of either 231 mL of 20% mannitol (mannitol group; n = 10 patients) or 100 mL of 7.45% hypertonic saline (HSS group; n = 10 patients) during 20 mins of administration. Measurements: ICP, arterial blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, blood flow velocities of middle cerebral artery using continuous transcranial Doppler, brain tissue oxygen tension, serum sodium and osmolality, and urine output during a study period of 120 mins. Main results: The two treatments equally and durably reduced ICP during the experiment. At 60 mins after the start of the infusion, ICP was reduced by 45% ± 19% of baseline values (mean ± sd) in the mannitol group vs. 35% ± 14% of baseline values in the HSS group. Cerebral perfusion pressure and diastolic and mean blood flow velocities were durably increased in the mannitol group, resulting in lower values of pulsatility index at the different times of the experiment (p < .01 vs. HSS). No major changes in brain tissue oxygen tension were found after each treatment. Mannitol caused a significantly greater increase in urine output (p < .05) than HSS, although there was no difference in the vascular filling requirement between the two treatments. HSS caused a significant elevation of serum sodium and chloride at 120 mins after the start of the infusion (p < .01). Conclusions: A single equimolar infusion of 20% mannitol is as effective as 7.45% HSS in decreasing ICP in patients with brain injury. Mannitol exerts additional effects on brain circulation through a possible improvement in blood rheology. Pretreatment factors, such as serum sodium, systemic hemodynamics, and brain hemodynamics, thus should be considered when choosing between mannitol and HSS for patients with increased ICP.
AB - Objective: To compare the effects of equimolar doses of 20% mannitol solution and of 7.45% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in the treatment of patients with sustained elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Design: Parallel, randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Two intensive care units in a university hospital. Patients: A total of 20 stable patients with a sustained ICP of >20 mm Hg secondary to traumatic brain injury (n = 17) or stroke (n = 3). Interventions: A single equimolar infusion (255 mOsm dose) of either 231 mL of 20% mannitol (mannitol group; n = 10 patients) or 100 mL of 7.45% hypertonic saline (HSS group; n = 10 patients) during 20 mins of administration. Measurements: ICP, arterial blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, blood flow velocities of middle cerebral artery using continuous transcranial Doppler, brain tissue oxygen tension, serum sodium and osmolality, and urine output during a study period of 120 mins. Main results: The two treatments equally and durably reduced ICP during the experiment. At 60 mins after the start of the infusion, ICP was reduced by 45% ± 19% of baseline values (mean ± sd) in the mannitol group vs. 35% ± 14% of baseline values in the HSS group. Cerebral perfusion pressure and diastolic and mean blood flow velocities were durably increased in the mannitol group, resulting in lower values of pulsatility index at the different times of the experiment (p < .01 vs. HSS). No major changes in brain tissue oxygen tension were found after each treatment. Mannitol caused a significantly greater increase in urine output (p < .05) than HSS, although there was no difference in the vascular filling requirement between the two treatments. HSS caused a significant elevation of serum sodium and chloride at 120 mins after the start of the infusion (p < .01). Conclusions: A single equimolar infusion of 20% mannitol is as effective as 7.45% HSS in decreasing ICP in patients with brain injury. Mannitol exerts additional effects on brain circulation through a possible improvement in blood rheology. Pretreatment factors, such as serum sodium, systemic hemodynamics, and brain hemodynamics, thus should be considered when choosing between mannitol and HSS for patients with increased ICP.
KW - Brain injury
KW - Hypertonic saline solution
KW - Intracranial pressure
KW - Mannitol
KW - Traumatic brain injury
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=44449173151&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=44449173151&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/CCM.0B013E3181643B41
DO - 10.1097/CCM.0B013E3181643B41
M3 - Article
C2 - 18209674
AN - SCOPUS:44449173151
VL - 36
SP - 795
EP - 800
JO - Critical Care Medicine
JF - Critical Care Medicine
SN - 0090-3493
IS - 3
ER -