Epithelial ovarian cancer, low malignant potential, and sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary

Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death in the USA. Understanding of genetic predisposition, including BRCA mutations and Lynch syndrome has resulted in risk reduction in limited populations although no effective screening exists to date. This chapter explores the epidemiology, risk factors, and genetic predisposition of epithelial ovarian cancer. Additionally, diagnosis, and management algorithms are reviewed, with an emphasis on clinical trials guiding current management. The purpose of surgical cytoreduction is reviewed, and the concept of HIPEC introduced. Less common ovarian neoplasms including low malignant potential tumors, germ cell and sex cord stromal tumors are discussed, with an emphasis on diagnosis and recommended treatment. Lastly, emerging molecularly targeted therapies are emphasized.