Epidemiology of the rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian children: A case-control pneumonia etiology study

Vicky L. Baillie; David P. Moore; Azwifarwi Mathunjwa; Henry C. Baggett; Abdullah Brooks; Daniel R. Feikin; Laura L. Hammitt; Stephen R.C. Howie; Maria Deloria Knoll; Karen L. Kotloff; Orin S. Levine; Katherine L. O’Brien; Anthony G. Scott; Donald M. Thea; Martin Antonio; Juliet O. Awori; Amanda J. Driscoll; Nicholas S.S. Fancourt; Melissa M. Higdon; Ruth A. Karron; Susan C. Morpeth; Justin M. Mulindwa; David R. Murdoch; Daniel E. Park; Christine Prosperi; Mohammed Ziaur Rahman; Mustafizur Rahman; Rasheed A. Salaudeen; Pongpun Sawatwong; Somwe Wa Somwe; Samba O. Sow; Milagritos D. Tapia; Eric A.F. Simões; Shabir A. Madhi

doi:10.3390/v13071249

Epidemiology of the rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian children: A case-control pneumonia etiology study

Vicky L. Baillie, David P. Moore, Azwifarwi Mathunjwa, Henry C. Baggett, Abdullah Brooks, Daniel R. Feikin, Laura L. Hammitt, Stephen R.C. Howie, Maria Deloria Knoll, Karen L. Kotloff, Orin S. Levine, Katherine L. O’Brien, Anthony G. Scott, Donald M. Thea, Martin Antonio, Juliet O. Awori, Amanda J. Driscoll, Nicholas S.S. Fancourt, Melissa M. Higdon, Ruth A. KarronSusan C. Morpeth, Justin M. Mulindwa, David R. Murdoch, Daniel E. Park, Christine Prosperi, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Mustafizur Rahman, Rasheed A. Salaudeen, Pongpun Sawatwong, Somwe Wa Somwe, Samba O. Sow, Milagritos D. Tapia, Eric A.F. Simões, Shabir A. Madhi

Bloomberg School of Public Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Rhinovirus (RV) is commonly detected in asymptomatic children; hence, its pathogenicity during childhood pneumonia remains controversial. We evaluated RV epidemiology in HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with clinical pneumonia and among community controls. PERCH was a case-control study that enrolled children (1-59 months) hospitalized with severe and very severe pneumonia per World Health Organization clinical criteria and age-frequency-matched community controls in seven countries. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for all participants, combined, and tested for RV and 18 other respiratory viruses using the Fast Track multiplex real-time PCR assay. RV detection was more common among cases (24%) than controls (21%) (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI:1.3-1.6). This association was driven by the children aged 12-59 months, where 28% of cases vs. 18% of controls were RV-positive (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.8-2.5). Wheezing was 1.8-fold (aOR 95%CI:1.4-2.2) more prevalent among pneumonia cases who were RV-positive vs. RV-negative. Of the RV-positive cases, 13% had a higher probability (>75%) that RV was the cause of their pneumonia based on the PERCH integrated etiology analysis; 99% of these cases occurred in children over 12 months in Bangladesh. RV was commonly identified in both cases and controls and was significantly associated with severe pneumonia status among children over 12 months of age, particularly those in Bangladesh. RV-positive pneumonia was associated with wheezing.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	1249
Journal	Viruses
Volume	13
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071249
State	Published - Jul 2021

Keywords

Childhood
Epidemiology
PERCH
Pneumonia
Rhinovirus

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Infectious Diseases
Virology

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10.3390/v13071249

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Baillie, V. L., Moore, D. P., Mathunjwa, A., Baggett, H. C., Brooks, A., Feikin, D. R., Hammitt, L. L., Howie, S. R. C., Knoll, M. D., Kotloff, K. L., Levine, O. S., O’Brien, K. L., Scott, A. G., Thea, D. M., Antonio, M., Awori, J. O., Driscoll, A. J., Fancourt, N. S. S., Higdon, M. M., ... Madhi, S. A. (2021). Epidemiology of the rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian children: A case-control pneumonia etiology study. Viruses, 13(7), Article 1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071249

Baillie, VL, Moore, DP, Mathunjwa, A, Baggett, HC, Brooks, A, Feikin, DR, Hammitt, LL, Howie, SRC, Knoll, MD, Kotloff, KL, Levine, OS, O’Brien, KL, Scott, AG, Thea, DM, Antonio, M, Awori, JO, Driscoll, AJ, Fancourt, NSS, Higdon, MM , Karron, RA, Morpeth, SC, Mulindwa, JM, Murdoch, DR, Park, DE, Prosperi, C, Rahman, MZ, Rahman, M, Salaudeen, RA, Sawatwong, P, Somwe, SW, Sow, SO, Tapia, MD, Simões, EAF & Madhi, SA 2021, 'Epidemiology of the rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian children: A case-control pneumonia etiology study', Viruses, vol. 13, no. 7, 1249. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071249

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title = "Epidemiology of the rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian children: A case-control pneumonia etiology study",

abstract = "Rhinovirus (RV) is commonly detected in asymptomatic children; hence, its pathogenicity during childhood pneumonia remains controversial. We evaluated RV epidemiology in HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with clinical pneumonia and among community controls. PERCH was a case-control study that enrolled children (1-59 months) hospitalized with severe and very severe pneumonia per World Health Organization clinical criteria and age-frequency-matched community controls in seven countries. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for all participants, combined, and tested for RV and 18 other respiratory viruses using the Fast Track multiplex real-time PCR assay. RV detection was more common among cases (24%) than controls (21%) (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI:1.3-1.6). This association was driven by the children aged 12-59 months, where 28% of cases vs. 18% of controls were RV-positive (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.8-2.5). Wheezing was 1.8-fold (aOR 95%CI:1.4-2.2) more prevalent among pneumonia cases who were RV-positive vs. RV-negative. Of the RV-positive cases, 13% had a higher probability (>75%) that RV was the cause of their pneumonia based on the PERCH integrated etiology analysis; 99% of these cases occurred in children over 12 months in Bangladesh. RV was commonly identified in both cases and controls and was significantly associated with severe pneumonia status among children over 12 months of age, particularly those in Bangladesh. RV-positive pneumonia was associated with wheezing.",

keywords = "Childhood, Epidemiology, PERCH, Pneumonia, Rhinovirus",

author = "Baillie, {Vicky L.} and Moore, {David P.} and Azwifarwi Mathunjwa and Baggett, {Henry C.} and Abdullah Brooks and Feikin, {Daniel R.} and Hammitt, {Laura L.} and Howie, {Stephen R.C.} and Knoll, {Maria Deloria} and Kotloff, {Karen L.} and Levine, {Orin S.} and O{\textquoteright}Brien, {Katherine L.} and Scott, {Anthony G.} and Thea, {Donald M.} and Martin Antonio and Awori, {Juliet O.} and Driscoll, {Amanda J.} and Fancourt, {Nicholas S.S.} and Higdon, {Melissa M.} and Karron, {Ruth A.} and Morpeth, {Susan C.} and Mulindwa, {Justin M.} and Murdoch, {David R.} and Park, {Daniel E.} and Christine Prosperi and Rahman, {Mohammed Ziaur} and Mustafizur Rahman and Salaudeen, {Rasheed A.} and Pongpun Sawatwong and Somwe, {Somwe Wa} and Sow, {Samba O.} and Tapia, {Milagritos D.} and Sim{\~o}es, {Eric A.F.} and Madhi, {Shabir A.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors.",

year = "2021",

month = jul,

doi = "10.3390/v13071249",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "13",

journal = "Viruses",

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T1 - Epidemiology of the rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian children

T2 - A case-control pneumonia etiology study

AU - Baillie, Vicky L.

AU - Moore, David P.

AU - Mathunjwa, Azwifarwi

AU - Baggett, Henry C.

AU - Brooks, Abdullah

AU - Feikin, Daniel R.

AU - Hammitt, Laura L.

AU - Howie, Stephen R.C.

AU - Knoll, Maria Deloria

AU - Kotloff, Karen L.

AU - Levine, Orin S.

AU - O’Brien, Katherine L.

AU - Scott, Anthony G.

AU - Thea, Donald M.

AU - Antonio, Martin

AU - Awori, Juliet O.

AU - Driscoll, Amanda J.

AU - Fancourt, Nicholas S.S.

AU - Higdon, Melissa M.

AU - Karron, Ruth A.

AU - Morpeth, Susan C.

AU - Mulindwa, Justin M.

AU - Murdoch, David R.

AU - Park, Daniel E.

AU - Prosperi, Christine

AU - Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur

AU - Rahman, Mustafizur

AU - Salaudeen, Rasheed A.

AU - Sawatwong, Pongpun

AU - Somwe, Somwe Wa

AU - Sow, Samba O.

AU - Tapia, Milagritos D.

AU - Simões, Eric A.F.

AU - Madhi, Shabir A.

PY - 2021/7

Y1 - 2021/7

N2 - Rhinovirus (RV) is commonly detected in asymptomatic children; hence, its pathogenicity during childhood pneumonia remains controversial. We evaluated RV epidemiology in HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with clinical pneumonia and among community controls. PERCH was a case-control study that enrolled children (1-59 months) hospitalized with severe and very severe pneumonia per World Health Organization clinical criteria and age-frequency-matched community controls in seven countries. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for all participants, combined, and tested for RV and 18 other respiratory viruses using the Fast Track multiplex real-time PCR assay. RV detection was more common among cases (24%) than controls (21%) (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI:1.3-1.6). This association was driven by the children aged 12-59 months, where 28% of cases vs. 18% of controls were RV-positive (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.8-2.5). Wheezing was 1.8-fold (aOR 95%CI:1.4-2.2) more prevalent among pneumonia cases who were RV-positive vs. RV-negative. Of the RV-positive cases, 13% had a higher probability (>75%) that RV was the cause of their pneumonia based on the PERCH integrated etiology analysis; 99% of these cases occurred in children over 12 months in Bangladesh. RV was commonly identified in both cases and controls and was significantly associated with severe pneumonia status among children over 12 months of age, particularly those in Bangladesh. RV-positive pneumonia was associated with wheezing.

AB - Rhinovirus (RV) is commonly detected in asymptomatic children; hence, its pathogenicity during childhood pneumonia remains controversial. We evaluated RV epidemiology in HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with clinical pneumonia and among community controls. PERCH was a case-control study that enrolled children (1-59 months) hospitalized with severe and very severe pneumonia per World Health Organization clinical criteria and age-frequency-matched community controls in seven countries. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for all participants, combined, and tested for RV and 18 other respiratory viruses using the Fast Track multiplex real-time PCR assay. RV detection was more common among cases (24%) than controls (21%) (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI:1.3-1.6). This association was driven by the children aged 12-59 months, where 28% of cases vs. 18% of controls were RV-positive (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.8-2.5). Wheezing was 1.8-fold (aOR 95%CI:1.4-2.2) more prevalent among pneumonia cases who were RV-positive vs. RV-negative. Of the RV-positive cases, 13% had a higher probability (>75%) that RV was the cause of their pneumonia based on the PERCH integrated etiology analysis; 99% of these cases occurred in children over 12 months in Bangladesh. RV was commonly identified in both cases and controls and was significantly associated with severe pneumonia status among children over 12 months of age, particularly those in Bangladesh. RV-positive pneumonia was associated with wheezing.

KW - Childhood

KW - Epidemiology

KW - PERCH

KW - Pneumonia

KW - Rhinovirus

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Epidemiology of the rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian children: A case-control pneumonia etiology study

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Keywords

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